Biomedical subjects
L E Smart
Publications and source records attributed to L E Smart.
New 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in relation to pneumococcal serotypes in systemic and non-systemic disease.
The serotype distribution of 3631 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated from various specimens obtained from patients was determined by coagglutination and included serotyping within a total of 13 serogroups. The results of serotyping of isolates from Scotland demonstrated that the new 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine includes serotypes which accounted for 91% strains associated with systemic disease and 79% strains isolated from other anatomical sites. Altogether, 114 strains (3.1%) were not typable because they did not possess a type-specific capsule; these were commonly isolated from eyes (12%).
A comparison of the distribution of pneumococcal types in systemic disease and the upper respiratory tract in adults and children.
The serotype distribution of 874 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae was determined in relation to patients' age and to frequency of isolation from systemic disease. Types 14 and 18, in pre-school children, and types 1, 4, 7, 8 and 12 in patients over 5 years of age were significantly associated with systemic disease whereas type 23 in pre-school children, and type 6 in older patients was associated with upper respiratory tract carriage. No significant difference was found in the incidence of other types in systemic disease compared to upper respiratory tract carriage. Fifteen diagnostic pneumococcal antisera (to types 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22 and 23) sufficed for typing 87% of strains.
Identification of non-capsulate strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae by coagglutination.
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An alternative approach to typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains by coagglutination.
The coagglutination test, which uses staphylococcal protein A for typing strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae was extended to include typing within 13 groups. Typing was performed using the factors remaining in group antisera after absorption with a strain of a type within the group. 93 of 99 strains of S. pneumoniae, which belonged to one of the 13 groups included in the 23 valent vaccine formulation were correctly identified when compared to the capsular reaction test.
Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains by coagglutination.
The coagglutination test, which uses staphylococcal protein A, for serotyping strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, was extended to include serotyping within serogroups. Serotyping was performed with "factor sera" prepared in the laboratory. Fifty one strains of S pneumoniae, which belonged to one of the seven serogroups included in the 14 valent vaccine formulation, were tested, and no inconsistency was found when compared with the capsule swelling reaction.