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Biomedical subjects

L Edouard

Publications and source records attributed to L Edouard.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Pregnancy outcome among native Indians in Saskatchewan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the difference in pregnancy outcome between native Indians and the provincial population in Saskatchewan. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of data collected from all birth and death registration forms. SETTING: Saskatchewan. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of low birth weight and rates of stillbirth and of neonatal and infant death. RESULTS: The neonatal death rate was higher in the Indian population than in the provincial population during the study period; the difference between the two groups in the rate decreased markedly after 1982. The rates of stillbirth and infant death were also higher among the Indians, and the difference persisted during the study period. The incidence of low birth weight and the rate of stillbirth were highest in the youngest and oldest maternal groups in the provincial population; however, the pattern was markedly different among the Indians, teenaged mothers having the best outcomes. CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to determine the relation between maternal age and fetal outcome among native Indians.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Physical inactivity among physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether physicians in Saskatoon encourage their patients to be physically active through their advice and lifestyle. DESIGN: Mail survey. SETTING: Saskatoon. PARTICIPANTS: All 451 physicians holding privileges in the three Saskatoon hospitals who were in regular contact with patients. OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical activity was quantified by means of the methods developed in the Canada Health Survey (CHS). Additional questions evaluated physicians' attitudes toward the importance of physical activity to themselves and their patients. RESULTS: A total of 210 physicians (47%) returned the questionnaire. Of the respondents 30% were in the active category as compared with the national average of 39% (p less than 0.05). This difference was accounted for mainly by the lower activity level of the male physicians aged 25 to 44 years. The difference is even more striking when the physicians were compared with people in managerial and professional occupations in the CHS, of whom 46% were active (p less than 0.001). Surprisingly, in light of these result whom 46% were active (p less than 0.001). Surprisingly, in light of these results, most of the respondents felt that physical activity was important to themselves and to their patients. CONCLUSION: Although the physicians were less active physically than the general population they believed that exercise was important to them personally and that patients should be counselled about physical activity. Further study is needed to determine how applicable these results are to Canadian physicians in general.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative determination of free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in skin biopsies.

A new technique is described for the determination of cholesterol in skin biopsies which is sensitive, practical and reproducible. The determination of cutaneous cholesterol is of clinical interest, because of its correlation with the degree of atherosclerosis. There was no correlation found between the blood total cholesterol and total triglycerides, and cholesterol and triglycerides determined in the skin biopsies. Determinations were carried out on several normal subjects, 7 long-distance runners, 34 hyperlipidemic patients. There was a significant increase with age of total skin cholesterol in the normal subjects, the values obtained with the long-distance runners had a tendency to be somewhat lower. All the patients investigated had higher cholesterol values than the normal controls or the sportsmen. This technique can be used therefore as a diagnostic tool to detect pathologies of skin lipids, or of tissue lipid metabolism, as for example in normolipidemic patients presenting corneal arcus or xanthelasmas.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Catheter-free geriatric care. Routines and consequences for clinical infection, care and economy.

In a geriatric hospital the routines of one ward were modified with the intention of removing indwelling catheters from all patients admitted to the ward. A continence training programme had been designed during the preceding 6 months. A total of 124 patients were admitted with indwelling catheters during a period of 18 months. It was possible to remove the catheters in 117 of these. Patients and their relatives reacted favourably to catheter-free care. The attitude of ward staff also was positive. The overall nursing requirements did not increase. Antibiotic prescription was 90 per cent less than in the control wards. This difference was accounted for not only by a reduction in drugs used against urinary tract infections, but also by a lower consumption of agents mainly used in the treatment of septicaemia, bronchopneumonia and wound infection. The cost of laundry and of hygiene and storage articles, including catheters, absorbing pads and other incontinence aids was 46 per cent of that in the control wards. Four years later, 65 per cent and 72 per cent of the patients from the test and control wards respectively, had died. Of the surviving patients from the test ward 78 per cent were still catheter-free.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Social class and risk factors for vascular disease in diabetes.

Mortality statistics for England and Wales and for the U.S.A. indicate that death rates from diabetes mellitus are higher in the lower socioeconomic classes. In an attempt to explain this mortality difference, social-class differences in possible risk factors for the large- and small-vessel disease complications of diabetes have been examined in 95 insulin dependent diabetics (IDDs) and 79 non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDDs) and comparative data obtained from 155 non-diabetic controls. Control males in the lower social class group were significantly shorter, more obese, smoked more and had lower Type A behaviour scores. Lower class female controls had significantly higher serum cholesterol levels. For the diabetic groups there were no social class differences in either fasting blood glucose levels or the prevalence of diabetic complications. Lower class NIDDs were significantly shorter and had lower Type A scores. This group also had higher mean cholesterol levels and smoked more, but these differences did not achieve statistical significance. Male IDDs showed no significant social class differences in possible risk factors but lower class females IDDs smoked more and had higher mean triglyceride levels. This concentration of risk factors for vascular disease in the diabetics of lower social class, particularly the NIDDs, may partly explain the increased mortality found in this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Detection of pill-induced antiethinylestradiol antibodies (author's transl)].

The synthetic hormones contained in contraceptive pills were shown to induce antiethinylestradiol (EE) antibodies in some women. These antibodies can be detected by the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) which are precipitated from serum in 25 p. cent saturated ammonium sulphate. A method of analysis of the anti-EE antibodies is described, in which binding of tritiated EE is measured with and without addition of unlabeled EE in excess. This method allows to identify specific reversible binding on saturable sites. Because of the large excess of non specific sites, the whole serum was enriched in antibodies before the binding measurement, either by previous separation of CIC, or by an affinity chromatography on a EE column. Results of this method confirmed the presence in a number of women on oral contraceptives, of immunoglobulins which were able to bind EE reversibly. The antibodies were found in CIC. in the absence of CIC, they were occasionally found in serum after an affinity chromatography on a EE column. This method is felt to allow a more accurate detection of women immunoreactive to the pill.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1980

National trends in the certified causes of perinatal mortality, 1968 to 1978.

Certified causes of perinatal mortality have been regrouped into 14 categories of clinical significance. Using data from official publications, trends over the years 1968 to 1978 in England and Wales have been described. Sharp falls from certain years are observed for some categories whereas others show a sustained fall.

England↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reaching out: a community initiative for disadvantaged pregnant women.

A major challenge for public health services is to reach disadvantaged pregnant women with a relevant program that assists them to reduce modifiable risk factors. A community development approach was used to initiate an outreach program aimed at urban natives and other high-risk pregnant women. Community involvement in program planning, the use of native and non-native community health workers, the provision of social support and the tangible health benefits of the program contributed to its success in attracting women for service.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Duplication of well-baby services.

Parents, community health nurses (CHNs) and physicians in Saskatoon were surveyed to determine if specific components of well-baby services provided by CHNs and physicians were duplicated. A response was obtained from 348 (81%) of the parents, 34 (89%) of the CHNs and 129 (87%) of the physicians. Results of the study indicate that there is extensive duplication of measurements taken by CHNs and physicians at the two, four, six, and twelve-month well-baby visits, especially that of height and weight. Content of well-baby care was also examined. The percentage of both physicians and CHNs who "usually or always" perform specific tasks at each well-baby visit was very high, particularly screening tests and inquiries about nutrition. Assessments and inquiries regarding development were performed less frequently, as were inquiries about safety issues.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence and predictors of health risk behaviours during early pregnancy: Saskatoon Pregnancy and Health Study.

Canadian data on prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco, psychoactive drugs, and caffeine are sparse. This study presents prevalence rates in Saskatoon for these four risk behaviours during the first trimester of pregnancy and their associations with sociodemographic factors. Personal interviews were conducted with 605 pregnant women (83% participation rate). The most commonly used substance was caffeine (87%), followed by alcohol (46%), tobacco (30%), and psychoactive drugs (7%). Overall, 36% of women reported using two substances, 16% three, and 4% all four substances. In general, risk behaviours were more prevalent among women with lower education and income levels, Aboriginal or Métis background, those not living with a partner, those with previous births, and, in some cases, younger women. The findings illuminate the needs of particular groups of pregnant women and the importance of understanding maternal risk behaviour within the structural and cultural realities of women's lives.

Adolescent↗