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Biomedical subjects

L Enk

Publications and source records attributed to L Enk.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Dose and duration effects of estradiol valerate on serum and lipoprotein lipids.

Non-alkylated estrogens, like estradiol valerate (F2V), are widely used in the treatment of the postmenopausal hormonal deficiency syndrome. Their effects on serum and lipoprotein lipids are characterized by an increase in the lipid constituents of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and, usually, a decrease in low density lipoproteins (LDL). These effects are considered beneficial as regards atherogenesis and the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Unlike the effects of alkylated estrogens, no concomitant increase in triglycerides (TG) in serum and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) - adverse effects - are seen in doses of up to 2 mg E2V. In order to compare the effects of 2 and 4 mg of E2V on serum and lipoprotein lipids, 19 bilaterally oophorectomized women participated in a cross-over study after a 4 week long wash-out period. To evaluate the influence of the time factor, 10 of the women continued taking 2 mg and 9 taking 4 mg of E2V respectively for an additional period of 12 weeks, resulting in a total treatment period of 24 weeks per group. The serum lipoproteins were separated by preparative ultracentrifugation, the serum and lipoprotein lipids being assessed using commercially available kits. In the cross-over part of the study, total (TC) and free cholesterol (FC) and phospholipids (PL) increased in HDL and decreased in LDL. Neither dose increased TG in serum or VLDL. These changes in the lipoprotein pattern persisted at the end of the entire study. Consequently, within the range of commonly used doses (2 and 4 mg) E2V seems to have a constant and, in terms of cardiovascular disease, favourable influence on lipoprotein metabolism irrespective of doses and periods studied.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Lipids, apolipoproteins and steroids in serum and in fluid from stimulated and non-stimulated human ovarian follicles.

Steroid production depends on the cholesterol (CH) substrate supplied by circulating lipoproteins which are internalised in the cells by receptor-mediated mechanisms. Low density lipoproteins (LDL) stimulate progesterone production in vitro. However, studies on follicles indicate low levels of LDL in follicular fluid (FF1). In the present study FF1 was obtained by ultrasound-guided punctures just before ovulation from 17 women participating in an in vitro fertilization programme. Serum was obtained simultaneously. Follicular development was stimulated with hMG-HCG or clomiphene-hMG-hCG combinations. In another 8 women FF1 was collected in connection with surgery for sterilization. FF1 levels of CH, triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL), apolipoprotein A1 and B (apoA1; apoB), oestradiol and progesterone were assayed in both groups as were the corresponding serum levels in the stimulated patient group. The FF1 levels of apoA1, TG and PL were approximately half of the levels in HDL in normal serum in both groups. However, CH was slightly lower in the stimulated group. ApoB was not detectable in FF1. Oestradiol was similar in both groups while progesterone was much higher in the stimulated than in the non-stimulated cycles. FF1 levels of apoA1 correlated positively to CH and PL in both groups and to progesterone in the stimulated follicles, while the correlation was negative in the other group. The absence of apoB and the levels of CH, TG, PL and apoA11 indicate that high density lipoprotein (HDL), but not LDL is present in FF1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Does position and size of corpus luteum have any effect on nausea of pregnancy?

It is a puzzling fact that emesis might occur in one pregnancy, whereas other pregnancies in the same woman could be either free or again associated with nausea. Pregnancy-associated hormones are believed to cause nausea, possibly through effects mediated via the liver. In 43 women who applied for a legal abortion in early pregnancy the occurrence of nausea was recorded and the position and size of the corpus luteums were measured by means of ultrasound. It was found that emesis was associated with corpus luteum located predominantly on the right side, while the non-emetic pregnancy often had a left-sided corpus luteum. It is suggested that the venous drainage, which differs between the right and the left side, may be responsible for the fact that the same woman can either suffer from or be free from nausea during pregnancy. Ovarian vein insufficiency, being more common in multigravidity, may also explain why nausea is more common in multigravidae.

Corpus Luteum↗
PubMed1985

High-dose depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate--effects on the fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester.

Twenty-one women were treated with high doses of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (1000 mg/week im) for 6 months as part of the treatment of endometrial carcinoma. The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester were analyzed. In previous studies low doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), in contrast to progestins of the 19-nor-testosterone series, have been shown not to affect the fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester. However, the high doses of MPA used in this study increased linoleic acid and decreased arachidonic and di-homogammalinolenic acids in serum lecithin. The ability of a steroid to induce this shift has been ascribed to its androgenicity. MPA is considered to have weak, if any, such properties. The findings of this study emphasize the necessity to delineate effects on metabolism of different doses and administrative routes of any particular steroid.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Fat cell metabolism in different regions in women. Effect of menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and lactation.

Adipose tissue lipolysis and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were studied in biopsies from the femoral and abdominal depots in healthy women during early or late menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and the lactation period. When the differences in cell size were taken into account, basal lipolysis was similar in both regions in nonpregnant women. During lactation, however, lipolysis was significantly higher in the femoral region. The lipolytic effect of noradrenaline (10(-6) M) was significantly less in the femoral region in the nonpregnant women and during early pregnancy. However, the lipolytic response was the same in both regions in lactating women. LPL activity was higher in the femoral than in the abdominal region except during lactation when a marked decrease in the LPL activity was seen in the femoral region. The LPL activity in the abdominal region remained unchanged in all patient groups. The results imply that in both nonpregnant and pregnant women lipid assimilation is favored in the femoral depot. During lactation, however, the metabolic pattern changes; the LPL activity decreases and lipid mobilization increases in this depot. These changes are much less pronounced in the abdominal region. Thus, fat cells from different regions show a differential response during pregnancy and lactation. These results suggest that the adipose tissue in different regions may have specialized functions.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Changes in relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester after treatment with two gonane progestins administered alone and in combination with ethinyl estradiol.

Twenty women, oophorectomized as part of treatment for cervical carcinoma of the cervix participated in the study. Ten of them were given desogestrel (DG) 150 micrograms/day for 3 weeks followed by DG + 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (EE) for 6 weeks, and finally EE alone for 3 weeks. The other 10 women were given 150 micrograms levonorgestrel (NORG) and EE in a similar way. Before treatment and after each period of treatment the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and serum cholesterol ester were assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. In both groups ethinyl estradiol, when administered alone, increased arachidonic acid in serum lecithin. This increase was not observed on the DG + EE or the NORG + EE combination indicating that both progestins counteracted this estrogenic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Apolipoprotein A1 levels in oophorectomized women treated with Org OD 14, oestradiol valerate and a placebo.

Org OD 14 is a synthetic steroid which in animal bioassays displays oestrogenic as well as very weak androgenic-anabolic properties. Earlier studies have shown that it alleviates oestrogen-deficiency symptoms and retards osteoporosis. OD 14 can be administered continuously with little effect on the endometrium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of OD 14 on apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1), the major protein constituent of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction, as compared with that of oestradiol valerate (E2V) and a placebo. Twenty-two women, who had been oophorectomized when undergoing surgical treatment for stage IB or IIA cervical carcinoma, were given OD 14 2.5 mg/day, a placebo, and E2V 2 mg/day for a period of 6 wk in each case using a double-blind, cross-over method. Serum Apo-A1 was determined by electro-immunoassay after each treatment period. There was a marked decrease in Apo-A1 after OD 14 as compared with the levels seen after the placebo and E2V. This decrease is interpreted as evidence of a strong androgenic influence by OD 14. In epidemiological studies low levels of Apo-A1 have been associated with a higher incidence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Long-term treatment with OD 14 might therefore be hazardous in this respect.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Changes in apolipoprotein AI after treatment with high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate.

21 women (mean age 60 years, range 48-72) were given depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), 1,000 mg/week parenterally for 6 months, as part of the treatment for endometrial carcinoma in either clinical stage I or II. Before treatment and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment serum apolipoprotein AI was analyzed by electroimmunoassay. There was a significant decrease in apolipoprotein AI after the administration of DMPA, compared to the value before treatment. A low level of apolipoprotein AI is considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Such a risk might therefore be anticipated if the period of treatment was extended to several years.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Transfer of terbutaline across the human placenta in late pregnancy.

Placental transfer of terbutaline was studied in 22 women in late pregnancy who were delivered by elective Caesarian section. A single i.v. dose of terbutaline (0.25 or 0.5 mg) was given at various times (13-295 min) before delivery. Immediately after delivery, one blood sample was drawn from the placental side of the umbilical vein and one from the mother's antecubital vein. By use of gas chromatography plus mass spectrometry terbutaline was assayed in maternal plasma and in plasma and whole blood from the umbilical vein. Plasma concentrations in the mothers (Cmv) were initially 7 micrograms/L, while the highest umbilical venous level ( Cuv ) recorded was 3.5 micrograms/L. The ratio Cuv /Cmv increased continuously during the time interval studied and approached unity after 2-3 h. The blood:plasma concentration ratio in venous umbilical blood was initially low. It reached unity after about 60 min, but increased steadily to about 1.5 during the time of study. Thus there was a continuous uptake of terbutaline from plasma into the erythrocytes. The slow in vivo equilibration of terbutaline between plasma and erythrocytes is probably due to the low lipophilicity of the drug. However, the latter characteristic did not seem to impede its diffusion across the placenta to any great degree.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

High-dose depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) - effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.

Twenty-one women were given depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) 1000 mg/wk for 6 mth as part of the treatment for endometrial carcinoma in either clinical stage I or II. Total and free cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were analysed in serum and in the ultracentrifugally separated lipoprotein fractions VLDL, LDL and HDL (very low, low and high density lipoproteins). Previous studies have shown little effect on lipoprotein metabolism after lower doses of MPA, unlike progestins of the 19-nor-testosterone series, after which an 'androgenic' lipoprotein pattern is seen, i.e., a decrease in HDL-cholesterol and in triglycerides in serum and VLDL. After this massive DMPA dose, only a slight decrease in HDL-cholesterol was seen, as well as a rise in triglycerides in serum and VLDL. We interpret the latter finding as secondary to an influence on carbohydrate metabolism.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopy versus ultrasound guided puncture for oocyte retrieval.

IVF/ET has during the last 5 years gone through a dramatic development and expansions. Since approx. 10% of the population in fertile ages has infertility problems in the Western world the demand for IVF units outside larger University hospitals with considerable resources has become urgent. To reduce costs a trend towards simplification without loss in quality has been an ambition for everyone involved. The exchange of laparoscopic techniques to simpler and cheaper sonographic methods is one step in that direction. The present review is a comparison between the various techniques for oocyte retrieval taking into consideration the principle qualitative aspects to avoid introducing a new technique which is inferior to the originally applied technique. In summary sonographic techniques seem to fullfill these quality requirements and will for such reasons in many IVF groups gradually replace laparoscopy.

Female↗