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Biomedical subjects

L Eriksson

Publications and source records attributed to L Eriksson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Detection of aerolysin gene in Aeromonas strains isolated from drinking water, fish and foods by the polymerase chain reaction.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to assay the presence of the aerolysin gene in a total of 89 Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria strains isolated from drinking water, fish and foods. These strains were also characterized for the production of virulence factors such as haemolysin, protease and cytotoxin. The primers used in the PCR targeted a 209-bp fragment of the aer gene coding for the beta-haemolysin and detected template DNA only in haemolytic A. hydrophila strains. The cell-free culture supernatants of these aerolysin-positive A. hydrophila strains were also cytotoxic to the HeLa and McCoy cells. The haemolytic A. sobria and non-haemolytic A. hydrophila were consistently negative in the PCR assay. Primer specificity was determined in the PCR by using a control haemolytic Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes and a restriction endonuclease assay. The PCR clearly identified the aerolysin-producing strains of A. hydrophila and may have application as a rapid species-specific virulence test.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1995

Disk displacement and temporomandibular joint symptoms in orthognathic surgery patients.

The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence of disk displacement and temporomandibular joint symptoms in orthognathic surgery patients. Fifty-three consecutive patients with different types of dentofacial anomalies were examined clinically and with bilateral arthrography. Disk displacement unilaterally or bilaterally was found in 57% of the patients or 46% of the joints. Displacement with reduction was seen in 38 joints, and displacement without reduction was seen in 11 joints. Fifty-three percent of the patients had pain in the temporomandibular joint or masticatory muscles, 30% of the joints demonstrated clicking, and 4% had crepitation. No association was found between disk displacement and clinical symptoms except for an association between clicking and anterior disk displacement with reduction. Neither could an association between disk displacement and the type of dentofacial anomaly be appreciated. It was concluded that disk displacement was frequent in patients with dentofacial anomalies, but no relationship to temporomandibular joint symptoms and the type of dentofacial anomaly could be clearly demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Preoperative evaluation of primary hemostasis in patients with thrombocytopenia using the Thrombostat 4000.

It is difficult to estimate the risk of hemorrhage that may follow an invasive or surgical procedure in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction. Conventional functional tests for the evaluation of primary hemostasis have been questioned. We have evaluated the in vitro bleeding time (IVBT) using the Thrombostat 4000 in 25 patients with thrombocytopenia in order to estimate the risk of bleeding following an invasive or surgical procedure. Using the IVBT, it was possible to suggest and evaluate preoperative treatment in order to restore primary hemostasis. All patients studied had their operations without bleeding complications. From these observations we conclude that the IVBT is a convenient and useful tool in the evaluation of primary hemostasis in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Buffy-coat-derived platelet concentrates prepared from half-strength citrate CPD and CPD whole-blood units. Comparison between three additive solutions: in vitro studies.

The in vitro effects of storage of platelets prepared from 4 or 6 pooled buffy coat (BC) units and stored in a platelet storage medium consisting of 30-40% of CPD plasma or alternatively half-strength citrate CPD (0.5 CPD) plasma and 60-70% of different alternative platelet additive solutions (PASs) were evaluated. Measurements of mean platelet volume, pH, pO2, pCO2, bicarbonate, glucose, lactate, ATP, total adenine nucleotide content, extracellular lactate dehydrogenase or adenylate kinase activity, as markers for disintegration of platelets, and extracellular beta-thromboglobulin, as a marker for activation of platelets, were included in the in vitro studies. Previous studies indicated that a reduction of the citrate concentration from the standard 21 to 8 mmol/l is associated with a significant reduction of the consumption of glucose and production of lactate. Alternatively, similar effects can be obtained by the addition of acetate. In a preliminary paired study, the effects of different concentrations of acetate were tested. In an additional paired study, the effects of CPD plasma in combination with either saline or a PAS containing NaCl (115.5 mmol/l), citrate (10 mmol/l), and acetate (30 mmol/l), pH 7.2 (PAS-2) were evaluated. 0.5CPD plasma in combination with either PAS-2 or a nonacetate PAS (PAS-1) were also tested. The storage of platelets in 0.5CPD plasma was used as a reference. The conclusions are: (1) A minimum acetate concentration of 30 mmol/l is needed to counteract the effects of citrate on the production of lactate. (2) pH and the bicarbonate buffering capacity are significantly better maintained in PAS-2 than in PAS-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1995

Early [18F]FDG positron emission tomography in infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy shows hypermetabolism during the postasphyctic period.

Six full-term infants suffering from perinatal asphyxia and with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy were investigated by positron emission tomography (PET). Regional cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (rCMRgl) were determined using [2-18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET scans at a median age of 2.5 days (range 2-5 days). Localized increases in rCMRgl were visually observed in five infants. In a subgroup of three infants, absolute values of rCMRgl in different brain regions were calculated. In all cases the results of the PET studies were in good agreement with those of the neuroradiological, neurophysiological and clinical investigations. Information indicating pathophysiological events could be extracted earlier with PET than with conventional morphological imaging techniques. We conclude that [18F]FDG-PET scans performed in critically ill, asphyxiated infants very soon after birth provide valuable information for the prediction about neurological outcome.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1995

FISH on metaphase and interphase chromosomes demonstrates the physical order of the genes for GPI, CRC, and LIPE in pigs.

The porcine genes for glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), calcium release channel (CRC), and hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) map to the long arm of chromosome 6. Earlier studies, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), mapped the three loci to the same band, viz., 6q12. To ascertain the relative order of the three genes, we first conducted three double-color FISH experiments, cohybridizing two of the probes at a time. These experiments demonstrated that the gene order was cen-GPI-CRC-LIPE. This order was confirmed by cohybridizing the three probes to both metaphase and interphase chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Assignment of the mouse homologue of a human MEN1 candidate gene, phospholipase C-beta 3 (Plcb3), to chromosome region 19B by FISH.

A recent study using comparative mapping analysis suggests that the proximal segment of mouse chromosome 19 contains the mouse homologs of the human multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) flanking markers proximal to the locus. We have recently shown that phospholipase C-beta 3 (PLCB3) is a candidate gene for the MEN1 syndrome. In the present investigation we used fluorescence in situ hybridization with a genomic DNA clone for mouse Plcb3, and mapped the locus to chromosome region 19B. This is in agreement with the comparative mapping of the MEN1 flanking markers in mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A toxic equivalency factor scale for polychlorinated dibenzofurans.

The ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) induction of 20 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) was examined in the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay. The selection of the compounds tested was based on a multivariate chemical characterization laying the groundwork for covering the whole chemical series of PCDFs. The EROD induction potency was found to vary in ED50 values from 25 to 100,000,000 pg/mg, i.e., nearly seven orders of magnitude. The response of the bioassay was calibrated against the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, enabling the corresponding toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) to be calculated. In order to establish a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) for the TEF values, 37 physicochemical descriptor variables were used to chemically characterize the 87 tetra- to octachlorinated PCDFs. Using partial least-squares modeling on a training set of 10 congeners, a QSAR model with sound predictive power was obtained. The QSAR model was validated with a validation set of additional 10 congeners. The predicted TEFs indicate that a large number of congeners are potent EROD inducers.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

PET studies of the uptake of (S)- and (R)-[11C]nicotine in the human brain: difficulties in visualizing specific receptor binding in vivo.

(S)- and (R)-[11C]nicotine were synthesized by methylation of (S)- and (R)-nornicotine using [11C]methyl iodide. Following their intravenous injection in tracer doses to smoking and nonsmoking healthy males the radioactivity in arterial blood showed a sharp peak at about 1 min followed by a plateau level for the remaining 50 min of recording. Uptake in the brain, as measured by positron emission tomography (PET), was rapid with a peak at 5 min followed by a steady decline towards the end of the measurement. The regional distribution of radioactivity followed essentially the distribution of gray matter with high uptake in the cortex, the thalamus and the basal ganglia and low uptake in the pons, cerebellum and white matter. Levels of the labelled natural enantiomer, (S)-[11C]nicotine, were higher than those of the synthetic enantiomer, (R)-[11C]nicotine, particularly in the smokers. The time-activity curves of (S)-[11C]nicotine uptake were not changed by co-administration of 1.0 mg of unlabelled nicotine with the labelled nicotine. Similarly administration of unlabelled nicotine at the peak of radioactivity, 6 min following (S)-[11C]nicotine, had no effect on the time-activity curves. Thus essential criteria for visualizing receptor binding with the PET technique could not be fulfilled. Calculation of kinetic constants using a two-compartment model gave values indicating that the brain uptake of [11C]nicotine is mainly determined by the cerebral blood flow, extraction of the tracer over the blood-brain barrier and unspecific binding. Thus 11C-labelled nicotine does not seem to be a suitable tracer for PET studies of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the human brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

No short-term difference in outcome after temporomandibular joint arthrography alone or with immediate lavage.

Thirty-three patients with an arthrographically documented anterior disk displacement without reduction were randomly assigned to be treated with upper joint space lavage or to serve as controls in an 8-week clinical trial. Pain was evaluated by the patients on a visual analog scale at rest and after chewing gum. The clinical examination followed a standardized protocol. Improvements in pain and mouth opening were found in both the lavage and control group after 8 weeks, but there were no statistically significant differences between the treatment and control groups. It was concluded that upper joint space lavage after arthrography seems to be ineffective to decrease pain and to increase mouth opening in patients with anterior disk displacement without reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Remoxipride in the treatment of psychoses.

In Sweden the atypical neuroleptic drug remoxipride has now been used in routine treatment of psychoses for almost two years. Over 7,000 patients have been treated. During that time both advantages and problems, foreseen and unforeseen, have been encountered. This paper is based on clinical experiences and the discussion is illustrated by five short case-histories. The most important points of the discussion are: As expected, remoxipride seems to produce less extrapyramidal side-effects than traditional neuroleptics. Patients experience less, if any, impairment in cognitive functioning than with traditional neuroleptics. Patients experience less inhibition of feelings and emotions than with traditional neuroleptics, which most often is of great positive value but may also create problems when feelings and emotions get overwhelming and difficult to handle. It is very important that patients get adequate psychological support and attention from the psychiatric team when changing from a traditional neuroleptic drug to remoxipride.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Methodological aspects of brain activation studies: cerebral blood flow determined with [15O]butanol and positron emission tomography.

In this methodological study, a procedure for measuring regional CBF (rCBF) with positron emission tomography and 15O-labelled tracers is optimized. Four healthy volunteers were subjected to eight studies with use of [15O]butanol as a tracer: four times while reading aloud and four times while reading silently from a phonologically balanced list of single words. The gain from these repeated intra-individual studies of the same activation state (fractionation) was demonstrated in terms of noise-equivalent counts in a phantom study. A computerized brain atlas was used to reformat the images to a common anatomical representation, thereby minimizing the effects of inter- and intra-individual anatomical and positional variations. This allowed the formation of inter- and intra-individual average subtraction images with error estimates. Differences between the two activation states were detected with use of an exploratory significance map based on a paired Student's t test. The results compared well with Friston's method of determining levels of statistical significance. No difference was obtained when comparing results from rCBF images and images generated from measurement of uptake of the tracer. The paradigm chosen for activation was shown to yield a constant activation level during the repeated measurements (i.e., no habituation).

Brain↗
PubMed1994

The relationship between DNA content and centromere content in micronucleated mouse bone marrow erythrocytes analysed by flow cytometry and fluorescent in situ hybridization.

A fixation method for mouse bone marrow erythrocytes was developed which allows both flow cytometric enumeration of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPCEs) and detection of centromeres using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a mouse gamma satellite probe on flow-sorted MPCEs. Male CBA mice were treated with clastogens or spindle poisons: X-irradiation (XR; 0.5 Gy), cyclophosphamide (CPA; 80 mg/kg), vincristine sulphate (VCR; 0.125 mg/kg) and colchicine (COL; 1 mg/kg). At 30 and 50 h after treatment bone marrow suspensions were prepared and subsequently analysed by flow cytometry to enumerate and determine the DNA content of induced MPCEs. The mean DNA content in MPCEs was found to be higher after treatments with the two aneugens, VCR and COL, than with the two clastogens, CPA and XR. The mean DNA content of MPCEs was positively correlated with the mean proportion of micronuclei (MN) containing centromeres, indicating that determination of the mean DNA content alone can give information about the mechanism of MN induction. When the MPCEs induced with VCR were outsorted according to four classes of increasing DNA content and the presence or absence of centromeres was determined with FISH, it was found that only the class with the lowest DNA content (0.8-1.7% of the diploid DNA content) had a low proportion (< 20%) of centromere-containing micronuclei while in the three classes with higher DNA content (1.7-10.2% of the diploid DNA content) > 80% of the MN had centromeres. This was in contrast to the results from treatments with CPA where the proportion of centromere-containing MN did not increase with increasing DNA content.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Urge to scratch represented in the human cerebral cortex during itch.

1. We used functional positron emission tomography (PET), measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as an index of neuronal activity, to investigate the central processing of itch in 10 healthy volunteers subjected to intracutaneous injections of histamine. 2. The study has unraveled a central representation that depicts a motor intention of the urge to scratch contingent on the perception of unpleasant itch. The coactivation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), supplementary motor area (SMA), premotor area (PM), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) substantiates that the posterior sector of the ACC (Brodmann 24) is related to the sensorial/affectional aspect of the event. The premotor cortical areas (SMA, PM) and the IPL may participate in the preparation of an intended action.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Influence of medetomidine on acid-base balance and urine excretion in goats.

Seven goats were given medetomidine 5 micrograms/kg as an iv bolus injection. Venous blood samples were taken repeatedly and urine was collected continuously via a catheter up to 7h after the injection. Medetomidine caused deep clinical sedation. Base excess, pH and PCO2 in venous blood rose after medetomidine administration. There were no significant changes in plasma concentrations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, creatinine or osmolality, whereas potassium and bicarbonate concentrations increased, and phosphate and chloride decreased. Medetomidine increased plasma glucose concentration, and in 4 of 7 goats glucose could also be detected in urine. Medetomidine did not influence urine flow rate, free water clearance, bicarbonate and phosphate excretion or pH, but renal chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and creatinine excretion were reduced. The results suggest that the metabolic alkalosis recorded after medetomidine administration is not caused by increased renal acid excretion.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1994

Intraruminal fluid administration to goats: effects of handling and fluid temperature.

Physiological stress response to intraruminal fluid administration was studied in 5 female goats. The fluid was given through a stomach tube. The water was cold (10 degrees C) or warm (38 degrees C) and in an amount of 7.5-10% of body weight. Plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol increased significantly after both treatments. Adrenaline and noradrenaline responses were greater and more longlasting after cold water administration, but there was no difference in cortisol response between cold and warm water. Haematocrit and plasma protein concentrations increased also and the effects of cold water lasted longer. Blood pressure showed a sharp rise of short duration and was independent of water temperature. The immediate tachycardiac response was similar with both treatments, but cold water caused an additional peak 15 min later. The cooling did not increase plasma histamine level. The results suggest that stomach intubation and administration of water into the rumen leads to strong activation of hormonal and cardiovascular stress parameters even in goats well adapted to handling. Low temperature of the fluid further heightens the effect. Warming of fluids to near body temperature before their administration is thus recommended.

Animals↗