PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L F Valero Juan

Publications and source records attributed to L F Valero Juan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Mortality attributable to smoking in Castilla and Leon].

OBJECTIVE: To calculate the contribution of tobacco consumption to mortality in Castilla y León, and its effect on premature mortality in this community. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Population of Castilla y León. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The source of information used were the life statistics from the National Institute of Statistics for 1995. The proportion and number of deaths attributed to tobacco were calculated by working out aetiological population fractions. 9.37% of the total deaths occurring were attributed to tobacco consumption. Mortality was higher in men (7.22%) than in women (2.27%). The diagnostic categories contributing most to these figures were tracheal-bronchial-lung cancer (36.9%) and ischaemic heart disease (22%). CONCLUSIONS: The study shows the importance of tobacco dependency as a public health problem in Castilla y León, and its major contribution to premature death.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Mortality due to HIV/AIDS infection in the Community of Castile and León].

OBJECTIVE: To find the effect of HIV/AIDS infection on mortality and its evolution between 1989 and 1993. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiological study. SETTING: Mortality study in the Community of Castilla y León. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: The source of information used were the vital statistics published by the National Institute of Statistics. Mortality was analysed for the principal causes of death in people aged between 15 and 54. Specific and standardised mortality rates were calculated in function of the variables, year of death, age and sex. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mortality due to HIV/AIDS infection increased progressively over time in both sexes, reaching in 1993 a rate of 13.56 per 10(5) in males and 3.52 per 10(5) in women. In 25 to 34-year old women the main causes of death were HIV/AIDS infection (9.36 per 10(5)) and traffic accidents (3.94 per 10(5)), whereas in men they were traffic accidents (38.67 per 10(5)) and HIV/AIDS infection (26.88 per 10(5)). CONCLUSIONS: Mortality due to HIV/AIDS has increased in recent years and at present is the main cause of death in 25 to 34-year old women, and the second in men of this age-group.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

[Mortality trends in persons younger than 15 years of age. Spain, 1980-1993].

OBJECTIVE: To find the pattern of mortality in people between 1 and 14 years old and how this evolved between 1980 and 1993. DESIGN: A descriptive, epidemiological study. SETTING: State-wide study of mortality. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: The source of information were the vital statistics published by the National Institute of Statistics. The mortality statistics for the XVII groups of illnesses in the ninth ICD and the evolution of the main causes responsible. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The rate of mortality in 1993 was 24.76 per 10(5) (C.I. 95%, 23.55-25.97). The main causes of death were: malign tumours (4.17 per 10(5); C.I. 95%, 3.67-4.67), traffic accidents (3.56 per 10(5); C.I. 95%, 3.10-4.02) and congenital anomalies (3.1 per 10(5); C.I. 95%, 2.67-3.53). The highest rates were for the 1 to 4 years old period (39.38 per 10(5); C.I. 95%, 36.30-42.46), in which congenital anomalies predominated (7.67 per 10(5); C.I. 95%, 6.31-9.03). Between 1980 and 1993 mortality fell for all age and sex groups, and for all the large groups of diseases except group III, which increased by 44.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Children between 1 and 14 years old have a low mortality rate, which is evolving constantly over time both in frequency and in its main determining causes. Mortality fell considerably in recent years for almost all diseases.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

[Maternal mortality in Spain, 1980-1992. Relationship with birth distributions according to the mother's age].

The maternal mortality evolution in Spain during the 1980-1992 period is reported. The influence of birth distribution according to maternal age is analyzed. The information was gathered from vital statistics published by Instituto Nacional de Estadística. The mortality rates have stabilized since 1985 (4.8 per 10(5) for 1992) associated with the increase in the proportion of births in women aged > or = 30 years (40.6% for 1992). Birth distributions according to maternal age account for 13.1% of the deaths observed. The predictions point to an increase in maternal mortality for the year 2000.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The incidence of nosocomial infection in the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Clínico de Salamanca (1993-1994)].

Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have a 5-10-fold higher risk for developing nosocomial infection (NI) than in other hospital wards. The constant evolution of epidemiological characteristics of NI in these departments, as well as the growing susceptibility of patients make it necessary to carry out a continuous epidemiological surveillance of these conditions. The aim of this work was, therefore, to know the incidence of nosocomial infection in ICUs, their epidemiological characteristics and the use of antimicrobial agents in infected patients obtained through the information provided by the active surveillance system carried out at Hospital Clínico Universitario, Salamanca, for the 1993-1994 period. The incidence of infected patients and infections were 21.7% and 47.6%, respectively; the mean age of infected patients was 61 +/- 9.6 years and 29.6% of patients died. Sixty-four percent of infections corresponded to pneumonia and bacteremia, with incidences of 15.5% and 14.9%, respectively. The main responsible agents for pneumonia, bacteremia, surgical wound infection, urinary tract infection were P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus sp., and Candida sp., respectively. All infected patients had a central catheter in place an 57.7% were under mechanical ventilation. The most commonly used antimicrobial agents were amikacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, vancomycin, metronidazole, and gentamicin.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Enterococcus sp. resistance, a growing problem. Epidemiologic study (1987-1993)].

BACKGROUND: Infectious processes caused by Enterococcus species currently constitute a growing problem due to the rapid appearance of resistances and the scarce existing therapeutic alternatives. The patterns of in vitro resistance to ampicillin, vancomycin and gentamycin were therefore studied in addition to their evolution over time of the isolates of Enterococcus sp. identified in the Salamanca University Hospital from 1987-1993. METHODS: Data were obtained from a computerized system of epidemiologic surveillance of infection in in-patients on the basis of microbiologic information. Sensitivity tests were performed by the disc-plate diffusion method of the National Clinical Committee for Laboratory Standards. RESULTS: Global resistance was 2.1% to vancomycin versus 8.3% to ampicillin with most of the isolates being resistant to gentamycin. The frequency of appearance of resistance increased over time with 19.6% of the strains found to be resistant to ampicillin (p < 0.05; CI 95%, 1987-1988: 12.2-24.3%) in 1993 and from 1991-1992 2.7% were found to be resistant to vancomycin. The strains from patients from the medical area were more resistant to ampicillin (p < 0.05; CI 95%, 0.8-7.4%) and vancomycin (p < 0.05; CI 95%, 0.2-3.9%) than those corresponding to patients from the surgical area. Greater resistance was identified to ampicillin and vancomycin in the isolates from urine and wound exudates. Patients under the age of 1 year were significantly less resistant to ampicillin (p < 0.05; CI 95%, with respect to the group from 21 to 40 years: 1.6-13.9%) and vancomycin with the greatest resistance being found from 41 to 60 years of age. E. faecalis (2.9% resistance) was more resistant to vancomycin and E. faecium was more resistant to ampicillin (27.8% resistant strains) (p < 0.05: CI 95%, 3.2-33.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Over time there has been a rapid increase in the number of enterococci resistant to ampicillin while, to date, vancomycin shows good activity against these bacteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Multiple nosocomial infections in a university hospital].

BACKGROUND: Multiple hospital-acquired infections (MHAI) have not been properly evaluated, and therefore data on their leading epidemiological features are lacking. In the present study, MHAI in a university hospital were evaluated during a 5 year period. METHODS: Data were obtained from the institution program of hospital acquired infection surveillance, which is based on the daily review of microbiological reports with subsequent confirmation of the data in the service where the patient is admitted. RESULTS: The number of detected MHAI was 1,202 in 522 infected patients, corresponding to 10.3% of the overall number of patients with hospital-acquired infections (HAI). By age groups, the patients over 60 years were the most affected (62.7%), whereas the less affected were those below 40 years (13.6%). By hospital areas, the surgical area had the highest incidence (55.3%) and the gynecological area had the lowest incidence (2.4%). Double infections were the most common ones in all services, with 79.1% of the overall number. The service with the greatest number of patients with MHAI was Surgery (37.9%). Urinary tract infections were the most common type. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that male surgical patients over 60 years of age were the group at highest risk of MHAI.

Adult↗