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Biomedical subjects

L Fohlin

Publications and source records attributed to L Fohlin.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Total protein determined in human breast milk by use of coomassie brilliant blue and centrifugal analysis.

This simple method of centrifugal analysis for total protein in human breast milk is based on the change in the wavelength of the absorbance maximum of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 when the dye is bound to protein. Within-run and between-day CVs were 3.8% and 4.8%, respectively. Compared with a micro-Kjeldahl method for determination of total nitrogen, the coefficient of correlation was 0.99.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Application of high-performance liquid chromatography to the determination of free amino acids in physiological fluids.

Multiple-step gradient systems were used for the analysis of free amino acids in physiological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on two reversed-phase C18 columns. Standard amino acids, plasma or urine samples were subjected to derivatization with ophthalaldehyde in the presence of mercaptoethanol before the separation was performed. More than 22 amino acids were separated in less than 1 h on either 5-micron Ultrasphere-ODS columns or 5-micron Resolve C18 columns by using a two-solvent system. The correlation of the integrated peak areas with the concentration of all amino acids showed a linear relationship between 10 and 150 pmol per 20-microliter injection for all The method has a lower detection limit of less than 1 pmol per 20-microliter injection for all amino acids. Quantitative analysis of micro amounts of amino acids in plasma and urine by the internal standard method gave highly reproducible results with a mean coefficient of variation of less than 3% and r2 = 0.999. Because of the simplicity of the method its application provides a better means for closely monitoring the patients undergoing dialysis and treatment for renal disorders. These results are compared with those from classical ion-exchange chromatography.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Reproductive medical care in Sweden and the Province of Ontario, Canada. A comparative study.

Reproductive medical care in Ontario, Canada and in Sweden are compared. Accurate statistical information is more readily available for Sweden. The perinatal mortality is significantly higher in Ontario. The populations are comparable in size. Except for a higher percentage of first generation immigrants in Ontario, the composition of the childbearing population is very similar. The percentage of low birth weight infants is higher in Ontario. Swedish governmental authorities realized in the 1930's that social reforms and preventive antenatal care could reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity and regionalization of perinatal care started several decades ago. A difference in attitude towards pregnant women is reflected in the fact that in Sweden, the maternal benefit is paid under the Health and Social Insurance system, whereas in Ontario it is paid by the Department of Employment and Immigration. The highly specialized neonatal and perinatal units in Ontario have outstanding results, and could serve as models to improve the care of the very low birth-weight infants in Sweden, as could the transport system for high-risk mothers and infants in Ontario. If the advantages of each of the two systems for perinatal care in Ontario and Sweden were combined excellent perinatal statistics would be expected, including a decreased incidence of handicap.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1981

Skeletal muscle fibre types and sizes in anorexia nervosa patients.

Fibre type composition and fibre areas in skeletal muscle of anorexia patients were studied on biopsies from the m. quadriceps femoris in five male and five females, whose body weight was 2-3.5 SDs less than expected from the normal weight/height relationship. In two of the males, the muscles studies were also made after rehabilitation. A higher than normal percentage of type I fibres was found in the patients (male, 62 +/- 12, female, 69 +/- 7) whereas the percentage of type IIA fibres did not differ from normal individuals (male, 38 +/- 12, female 24 +/- 15). Of note was the observation that no type IIB fibres were found and some patients had an increased occurrence of the normally rare type IIC fibres. All muscle fibres were markedly atrophied with the mean cross-sectional area of type IIA fibres being significantly smaller (male, 26.1 +/- 3.7, female, 21 +/- 10.3, micrometers2 x 10(-2)) than the mean area of type I fibres (male, 34.1 +/- 4.7, female, 35.3 +/- 7.4), micrometers2 x 10(-2)). In the two males studied after rehabilitation (body weight increased 12 and 19 kg), mean fibre area increased by 40%. Our results suggested that a predominant part of the reduction in body weight and lean body mass, seen in adolescent children suffering from anorexia nervosa, could be accounted for by a loss of skeletal muscle mass. In the six subjects where marker enzymes of glycolytic (TPDH, LDH) and mitochondrial pathways (CS, HAD) were assayed, the former were 50% and the latter 10-20% below sedentary controls. Maximal oxygen uptake was only 35 (males) and 29 (females) ml/kg min-1; this contrasted with the physical activity pattern of these patients, yet was in line with their small muscle mass with its low oxidative potential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Exercise performance and body dimensions in anorexia nervosa before and after rehabilitation.

The boys and five girls (mean age 15.0 y.) with anorexia nervosa (AN) were studied before and after a treatment which restored their body weight to normal. Before treatment the patients' average weight loss was 25% of their premorbid weight. The function and dimensions of the oxygen transport system were determined with heart (HV) and blood (BV) volumes, lean body mass (LBM) and exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer with determination of maximal aerobic power (VO2 max). Before treatment, the patients had bradycardia and hypotension. HV and BV decreased in proportion to the loss of body weight. During maximal exercise, attainable oxygen uptake and heart rate were low. VO2 max decreased out of proportion to the circulatory and body dimensions. After treatment, HV and BV increased in proportion to the rise in body weight. LBM increased significantly in all patients. Heart rates at rest and during exercise were within the range of normal and VO2 max increased. It is concluded that the circulatory system is highly adaptive to the low caloric intake in AN and is totally normalized after weight gain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Function and dimensions of the circulatory system in anorexia nervosa.

The functional and dimensional components of the oxygen transporting system was studied in 17 female and 11 male patients suffering from anorexia nervosa. Both groups were 14.9 years old, on average, and had lost about 25% of their weight. Measurements at rest included blood and heart volume, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen uptake (VO2), RQ, blood lactate (LA) and in 6 of the patients cardiac output. During bicycle ergometry the determinations of heart rate, blood pressure, LA, VO2 and cardiac output were repeated and maximal aerobic power was determined. A low metabolic rate with bradycardia and hypotension was apparent at rest. Blood and heart volume was decreased proportionally to the weight loss. On a given work load VO2 was lowered to the same extent as the resting metabolic rate. At maximal effort VO2 was reduced out of proportion to the circulatory dimensions and maximal heart rate was low. During exercise cardiac output was normally related to VO2 and stroke volume was maintained, indicating a normokinetic circulation and an unimpaired myocardial function. The main cause of the low maximal aerobic power seems to be the reduced muscle mass.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Renal function in anorexia nervosa.

Renal function was examined in twelve patients, eight girls and four boys, with anorexia nervosa (AN) ranging in age from 12.6 to 18.2 years. The weight loss at the time of the study averaged 26%. Determinations were made of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), PAH clearance (CPAH) and urinary concentrating capacity. For references the same studies were also carried out in five healthy teenagers. Both GFR and CPAH were generally CPAH as shown by a significantly lower filtration fraction (FF) in AN. Indirect evidence suggests that the low FF could be attributed to reduced water permeability of the glomerular capillary. The urinary concentrating capacity following fluid deprivation was moderately depressed both before and after the administration of vasopressin. The concentrating defect in AN must therefore be primary of renal origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Limb circulation in anorexia nervosa.

Blood flow, skin temperature and blood pressure of the lower limbs and the effect of indirect, radiant heat on calf blood flow and leg skin temperature was determined in sixteen children with anorexia nervosa (group A) and fourteen healthy children (group H) of the same age and body height. Calf blood flow as measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Arm blood pressure was obtained by tourniquet and toe pressure and digital plethysmograms by a strain-gauge. Skin temperature was measured with a thermocouple. In group A calf blood flow was about 50--60% lower than the mean values observed in group H and a marked difference was maintained after the heat load. Skin temperature of the knees and toes were higher in group H. Systolic arm blood pressure and toe pressure were on the average 20 mmHg and 13 mmHg lower in group A. It is suggested that there is a heat-conserving, selective peripheral vasoconstriction in the anorexic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Total body potassium fat free weight and maximal aerobic power in children with anorexia nervosa.

Body composition and aerobic work performance have been studied in 5 boys and 10 girls suffering from anorexia nervosa. The average ages of the two groups of children were 15.4 (boys) and 15.2 (girls) years respectively. Measurements of body composition included height, weight (W), body potassium (40K), skinfold thickness (SFT) at triceps and subscapularis, blood volume (BV) and femoral condylar and radioulnar breadths. From these measurements estimates of fat free weight (FFW), skeletal weight (S) and lean body mass (LBM) were made. Work performance was assessed by measurement of the maximal aerobic power (VO2 max). The patients had lost on average 26% of their former body weight. The boys had on average greater than 7% of their body weight as fat compared with greater than 9% in the girls. However, the loss of weight was not solely due to loss of body fat, but could also be ascribed to a decrease in soft fatfree tissue. LBM or FFW could be estimated as well from SFT as from 40k. vo2 max averaged 1.43 1/min (35.1 ml/kg/min) in the anorexic boys and 1.24 l/min (33.2 ml/kg/min) in the girls and was associated with FFW and LBM. However, VO2 max was lower in relation to LBM than in healthy children of the same age. Thus it was suggested that the emaciation in anorexia is directly attributable to loss of both fat and muscle and accounts in part for the reduction of aerobic power observed. However, an important factor may be the debilitating effect of starvation on the patient, particularly in its advanced and later stages, which reduces his/her level of habitual physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Anorexia nervosa and polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocyte reactions.

10 patients with anorexia nervosa were compared with controls with normal weight, regarding their peripheral blood polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocyte reactions. The anorexia patients showed a statistically significant decrease in PMN bactericidal capacity and PMN adherence. The mean chemotaxis did not differ, but in two of the anorexia patients chemotaxis was almost absent. The intracellular activity of alkaline phosphatase was below the reference values in 5 of the 6 patients in whom it was investigated. It is concluded that changes in granulocyte function may be noted in anorexia nervosa, but their clinical significance is uncertain, as no patients had recurrent or severe infectious diseases.

Adolescent↗