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Biomedical subjects

L Fraser

Publications and source records attributed to L Fraser.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Do chronic pain patients 'Stroop' on pain stimuli?

OBJECTIVES: Two experiments investigating the presence of information-processing biases on tasks of attention (Stroop task) and memory (free recall) in relation to mood states in chronic pain patients are reported. The first investigates whether previously reported attentional bias is a function of pain status or mood state. The second describes a more detailed examination of the roles of anxiety and depression in processing biases in chronic pain patients. DESIGN AND METHOD: Both studies compared interference time on an emotional Stroop task between chronic pain patients and controls. Other measures included self-report of pain, depression and anxiety. RESULTS: Neither study found evidence for an attentional bias, although a memory recall bias was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Interference in attending to emotionally salient stimuli appears to be related to measures of anxiety and depression rather than pain per se. When added to the findings of other investigators, these results suggest that the presence of attentional biases in chronic pain patients can best be accounted for as arising from mood state rather than pain-patient status.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1997

Memories for the Marchioness.

We examined the accounts of 27 survivors of the Marchioness ferry sinking, using cross-validation of accounts to search for instances of motivated forgetting. In order to identify objective items that could be validated, we focused the analysis on subjects' statements of whom they were with at various stages of the disaster. We compared these findings with an informal recall of a non-traumatic event after an interval of a few days. The main finding was that recall was reasonably good for both traumatic and non-traumatic events. Specifically, in the Marchioness sample, among those 86 statements that could have been confirmed in the accounts of other informants, 74 were in fact confirmed. Of the remaining 12 unconfirmed statements, only one involved a contradiction. We conclude that for a disaster of this kind, and with this particular sample of individuals, motivated forgetting was extremely rare.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1995

Prolonged microvascular vasodilation induced by leukotriene B4 in human skin is cyclooxygenase independent.

When the potent chemoattractant leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is applied topically to human skin it causes delayed onset, long-lasting leukocyte accumulation and erythema. We investigated the role of prostaglandins in the increase in local blood flow by applying LTB4 topically to the forearm skin of 22 healthy male volunteers and measuring the effect of the anti-inflammatory compounds tenidap, naproxen and indomethacin. Local microvascular blood flow responses were measured by laser Döppler flow probe and planimetry. LTB4 induced dose-dependent increases in blood flow which were maximal at 48 hr and lasted 4 days. Laser Döppler flow (% flux) at 48 hr was 2.7 +/- 0.1, 20.6 +/- 3.1, 28.7 +/- 2.4 and 30.2 +/- 2.3% in control and 3, 10, 30 ng/site LTB4, respectively (mean +/- S.E.M.). In eight subjects the intradermal injection of indomethacin, at a dose (3 x 10(-9) mol/site) that inhibited significantly the increased flow induced by intradermally injected arachidonic acid (1 x 10(-9) mol/site, n = 6), had no effect on the increased skin blood flow response induced by LTB4 (10 ng/site) at 48 hr. Blood flow in vehicle-injected LTB4 sites was 810 +/- 150% above basal and 819 +/- 149% in sites injected with indomethacin. In 20 subjects, the effect of the anti-inflammatory drugs naproxen and tenidap given orally on the skin blood flow responses to LTB4 were compared in a double-blind crossover design. The 1085 +/- 98% increase in local blood flow induced by 30 ng of LTB4 at 48 hr was unaltered at the end of the treatment periods with either naproxen or tenidap, where blood flow in the LTB4-treated sites was increased 1018 +/- 131% and 1034 +/- 130%, respectively. Because the vasodilator response to exogenous LTB4 was not altered by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs either injected locally or taken orally, we suggest that endogenous prostaglandins are not involved in this response.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Isolated bladder neck obstruction of undetermined etiology (primary) in adult male: recognition and management.

Varying degrees of isolated bladder neck obstruction of undetermined etiology were identified with micturitional vesicourethral static pressure profiles. Our experience with the urodynamic studies in 15 patients suggests that isolated bladder neck obstruction is a real entity in young adult males. Our experience also suggests that pharmacologic success with alpha-adrenergic blockade of the dosage tolerated by the patients is inconsistent. Successful clinical results achieved with appropriate bladder neck surgery could be confirmed with uroflowmetry and detailed urodynamic studies during postoperative period.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Urodynamic evaluation of prostatic enlargements with micturitional vesicourethral static pressure profiles.

We studied 58 men with prostatism, who were between 58 and 75 years old, with micturitional vesicourethral static pressure profiles. The study consisted of recording static (lateral) pressures of successive segments of the posterior urethra during voiding, with synchronous monitoring of the vesical pressure activity. An abnormal pressure decrease across the supramontane urethra was considered to be a functional compromise to the prostatic urethra. The studies indicated that the degree of prostatic urethral obstruction was not related to the clinical and endoscopic assessment of prostatic enlargement. Three major patterns emerged from our studies: 1) moderate to severe prostatic enlargement with severe obstruction, 2) moderate to severe prostatic enlargement with minimal or no obstruction and 3) minimal prostatic enlargement with severe obstruction. Also, a good correlation became apparent between micturitional vesicourethral static pressure profilometry and uroflowmetry.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of in-vitro fertilization of rabbit eggs using spermatozoa recovered from the uterus or vagina.

Spermatozoa were recovered from the uterine horns or vagina of mated rabbit does 12-20 hr p.c. and their fertilizing capacity tested in an in-vitro system. Uterine spermatozoa gave consistently high fertilization (93-100%) throughout. Vaginal spermatozoa gave good results (81-85%) 12-14 hr p.c. but fertilization then declined with time. Vaginal spermatozoa recovered from mated females with or without ligation of the uterine horns were equally able to fertilize eggs. Fragmentation of uncleaved eggs was noted in experiments with vaginal spermatozoa, but never with uterine spermatozoa. The former were slower in penetrating eggs and the zygotes were correspondingly slower in cleaving. Triploidy, possibly due to ageing, was found in approximately 15% of the embryos fertilized by vaginal spermatozoa.

Animals↗