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Biomedical subjects

L Frost

Publications and source records attributed to L Frost.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The effect of oxytocin injection into the umbilical vein for the management of the retained placenta.

In a single-blind study 51 patients with retention of the placenta were randomized into one of three groups: Group 1 was given 10 IU of oxytocin in 10 ml of sodium chloride into the umbilical vein; group 2 was given 10 ml of sodium chloride; group 3 was treated with manual removal of the placenta. No significant differences were recorded in groups 1 and 2, and no advantages were found in comparison with the procedure normally used.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1987

Quality of care for life-supported children who require prolonged mechanical ventilation at home.

Home care is now possible for ventilator-dependent children. It is crucial, however, to ensure that the children's conditions are medically stable and that their home care is carefully planned before they are discharged. The Ventilator-Dependent Discharge Program at Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago uses a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to discharge planning. The program includes training for parent caregivers, organization of community resources, and arrangement for funding.

Chicago↗
PubMed1987

Isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis in pure culture from the uterine cavity of patients with irregular bleedings.

Hysterectomy was performed in three patients because of persistent irregular vaginal bleeding. Before the operation samples were taken from the cervical os for cultivation of Gardnerella vaginalis, yeasts, viruses, Chlamydia trachomatis, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Immediately after the operation, the uterus was opened under sterile conditions and samples obtained from the isthmus and fundus of the uterine cavity were examined microbiologically. In all three patients G. vaginalis was grown in pure culture from the fundus. Serum antibody titres against G. vaginalis were significantly raised in all three patients, and histology revealed mononuclear cells in the endometrium. The isolation of G. vaginalis from the endometrium of patients with clinical and histological signs of inflammation and with antibodies to G. vaginalis in serum indicates that the organism may play a causative role in endometritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ectopic pregnancy and a sensitive test for urinary human chorionic gonadotropin.

A commercially highly sensitive test for human chorionic gonadotropin was used in daily routine to screen for ectopic pregnancy (detection threshold 75 mlU/ml). The test, when used in 120 patients with ectopic pregnancy, had a diagnostic specificity of 100%, sensitivity 96.7%, the predictive value of a positive test was 100%, and of a negative test 90%.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1987

[Direct observation of microcirculation in isoflurane anesthesia].

The effects of anaesthesia with 1.0 vol% isoflurane or 0.7 vol% halothane on the microcirculation were studied in the dorsal skin fold chamber of 15 awake Syrian Golden hamsters. To avoid relative hypovolaemia hydroxyethyl starch (HES 450/0.7) was infused to keep the CVP at baseline level. Arterial blood gas values did not change with either of the anaesthetic agents. Mean arterial pressure decreased significantly with isoflurane to 79% of baseline. Small arteries (25-100 micron) did not exhibit any alterations of diameters in both groups, whereas arterioles (less than 25 micron) constricted with isoflurane from 15.5 to 13.3 micron (15 min) and to 12.0 micron (60 min). 10 min after stopping isoflurane further vasoconstriction was regularly noticed (from 51.0 resp. 15.5 micron to 36.6 resp. 9.7 micron) which did not occur after halothane. Spontaneous arteriolar vasomotion was abolished by halothane, but not by isoflurane; in two animals its amplitude increased. Capillary density rose with both anaesthetics: 9.1% (15 min) resp. 9.0% (60 min) with halothane, 14.0% resp. 17.3% with isoflurane. Local tissue pO2 measured in 6 additional hamsters increased during isoflurane from 16.4 to 22.8 mmHg (15 min) and 19.8 mmHg (60 min). It is concluded that isoflurane is less detrimental to local perfusion control than halothane. The preserved regulatory capacity results in a redistribution of microvascular flow and an improvement of oxygen supply to the dorsal skin fold chamber despite arterial hypotension.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1986

Errors in inhalation technique and efficiency in inhaler use in asthmatic children.

256 asthmatic children receiving regular inhalation therapy demonstrated how they used their inhalers. Pulmonary function measurements (PFM) were made before and after the demonstrations, and errors in technique were recorded. 242 children had reversible airway obstruction on the day of study. In only 109 (45%) did the inhalation result in an increase in FEV1 greater than or equal to 15% (efficient technique). An efficient inhalation technique was found in 46% of children who demonstrated a pressurized aerosol, 59% who demonstrated a tube spacer aerosol and 46% who demonstrated a rotahaler, and the frequency of efficient technique varied from 17% to 84% between six different groups of instructors. 87% of children controlled and 25% not controlled with PFM at the time of prescription had an efficient technique. Children under 6 years had a more inefficient and a more faulty technique than older children, but otherwise age did not influence the result. Neither was time since instruction of any importance for efficiency or number of errors. The errors recorded that seem to influence efficiency most were: coordination problems, rapid inspirations, ceasing to inspire when the aerosol was fired, and inhalation through the nose. The results emphasize the paramount importance of clear instructions and control of inhalation technique at the time the treatment is prescribed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The proteoglycans of the canine intervertebral disc.

The high-buoyant-density proteoglycans of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of the beagle intervertebral disc have been isolated by CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation. The sulphated proteoglycans were labelled in vivo with 35SO4, 24 h and 60 days prior to killing. The hydrodynamic size and aggregation of the 24 h, 60 day and resident (from hexuronic acid and hexosamine analysis) proteoglycan subunit populations were determined by Sepharose CL-2B chromatography in the presence or absence of excess hyaluronic acid. The hydrodynamic size of the keratan sulphate-proteoglycan core protein complexes were also determined by Sepharose CL-2B chromatography after chondroitinase ABC digestion of proteoglycans. When initially synthesised (24 h) or after 60 days, the percentage aggregation and hydrodynamic size of the proteoglycans derived from the annulus fibrosus were larger than those present in the nucleus pulposus. Hexosamine, hexuronic and protein determination of the high-buoyant-density fractions showed that the proteoglycans of the nucleus pulposus were richer in chondroitin sulphate than those in the annulus. However there was no difference in Mr of the chondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate attached to the proteoglycans of the two disc regions, nor were differences detected by HPLC between the proportions of chondroitin 4-sulphate and chondroitin 6-sulphate present in these high-density fractions. In contrast, the low-buoyant-density (1.54 greater than p greater than 1.45) proteoglycan fractions and tissue residues remaining after 4 M GuHCl extraction were found to contain dermatan sulphate, suggesting the presence of a third proteoglycan species possibly associated with the collagen of the fibrocartilagenous matrix.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Persistent subcutaneous nodules in children hyposensitized with aluminium-containing allergen extracts.

A follow-up study of 202 children who had received hyposensitization with aluminium-containing allergens showed that 1-3 years after cessation of hyposensitization 13 children still had severely pruiginous treatment-resistant subcutaneous nodules in their forearms. Because of their long persistence the nodules of six children were studied in detail. Histologically, the nodules showed infiltration with lymphocytes (forming germinal centres), macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells and a few eosinophils. In five patients aluminium crystals were found scattered between the cells and, in addition, the phagosomes of the macrophages contained aluminium. Patch tests for aluminium were positive in four of the six patients. It is concluded that persisting nodules during hyposensitization with aluminium-containing allergens may indicate development of aluminium hypersensitivity, and if this is confirmed hyposensitization should be discontinued.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Microinjury to the synovial membrane may cause disaggregation of proteoglycans in rabbit knee joint articular cartilage.

Proteoglycans (PGs) isolated from articular cartilage (AC) of mature rabbits subjected to two or more consecutive intraarticular (IA) injections of sterile saline 24 h apart showed an aggregation defect in the presence of excess hyaluronic acid (HA). Although the PG contents of experimental and control cartilages were indistinguishable, a higher proportion of PGs were extractable from the 3 X IA tissues, as assessed by uronic acid analysis. Proteoglycans from experimental and control cartilages when examined by Sepharose CL-2B chromatography showed two subunit populations, the smaller (KAV = 0.70) containing more ketatan sulphate than the larger (KAV = 0.31). Cultures of AC from IA joints released more 35SO4-labelled PGs into the media over 72 h than control tissues and consisted mainly of PG degradation products although 20% could aggregate in the presence of HA. Examination of PG aggregation 2 weeks after 2 X IA or 3 X IA injections showed that the defect initiated was still present; however, cartilage of immature rabbits was not affected by the 2 X IA procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy with complicating disseminated intravascular coagulation.

A description is given of acute fatty liver of pregnancy in a 26-year-old primigravida who survived. Complicating disseminated intravascular coagulation was diagnosed at parturition, and the importance of early diagnosis of this is emphasized. A suggestion for treatment is given as a possible means of improving the prognosis in this mostly fatal disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Child and adolescent obesity: the nurse practitioner's use of the SHAPEDOWN method.

The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased approximately 50% in the last 20 years and now affects more than one in four young people. Although family-based approaches to the problem recently have shown weight losses maintained at 5-year and 10-year follow-up, this care is unavailable in many communities because of an insufficient availability of trained providers. Nurse practitioners are uniquely appropriate for providing child and adolescent obesity services yet appear to be underrepresented among pediatric obesity care providers. This article describes a method of preventive and therapeutic care that nurse practitioners can use in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blocking Chk1 expression induces apoptosis and abrogates the G2 checkpoint mechanism.

Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a checkpoint gene that is activated after DNA damage. It phosphorylates and inactivates the Cdc2 activating phosphatase Cdc25C. This in turn inactivates Cdc2, which leads to G2/M arrest. We report that blocking Chk1 expression by antisense or ribozymes in mammalian cells induces apoptosis and interferes with the G2/M arrest induced by adriamycin. The Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01 also blocks the G2 arrest after DNA damage and renders cells more susceptible to adriamycin. These results indicate that Chk1 is an essential gene for the checkpoint mechanism during normal cell proliferation as well as in the DNA damage response.

Alkaloids↗