Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L G Bazhenov.
The proteins proteolysis increase as well as their biosynthesis disorder were observed in experimental diffuse purulent peritonitis, which was simulated in rats of Wistar line. Application of baxtims preparation for the abdominal cavity treatment during 14 days had promoted restoration of this process and the proteinic deficiency elimination as well.
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The immunologic indices were studied in 29 patients with hepatic cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice, who had the porcine spleen been connected according to the conventional technique, and in 17 patients of the control group. The blood was collected in dynamics. The positive effect of the method on the immune status of the patients, which manifested itself in activation of a T-link of immunity, normalization of the indices of B-link, decrease in the severity of intoxication due to elimination of the middle molecular mass peptides and circulating immune complexes, was noted.
Crystal coating method modified for microbiologic studies is presented. Studies of 230 microorganism strains referred to different species revealed specific features characteristic of S. marcescens crystallogram only: the presence of luxurious whitish formations shaped as ramified branches with air vesicles and small white balls. Detection of these features permit a reliable identification of S. marcescens.
The authors have established in vitro, that helium-neon (HN) laser rays at the therapeutic doses had no bactericidal effect. Bactericidal effect of the rays of an ultraviolet (UV) laser is manifested in exposure for 5 min (output power of 3 mW, pulse frequency of 100 Hz, diameter of the irradiated area of 3 mm). In the clinic, a combined method with the use of HN-laser with radiant power of 20 J/cm2 and UV laser with radiant power of 7 J/cm2 was employed. Duration of treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases reduced 2-5-fold as compared with that in use of conventional methods of treatment.
The results of testing 501 specimens of pathological materials containing enterobacteria from 382 patients with various purulent inflammatory diseases treated at the Tashkent Branch of the Research Centre of Surgery in 1989-1991 were analyzed. The findings showed that Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp. and Proteus spp. played the main role in the etiology of the surgical infections (46.9, 19.4 and 16.2 per cent respectively). Some enterobacteria were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. Enterobacteria resistant to penicillins (81.8-89.9 per cent), aminoglycosides (55.4-75 per cent), tetracyclines (57.1-73.2 per cent), clindamycin (95.7 per cent), rifampicin (87.5 per cent), polymyxin (92.9 per cent) and biseptol (74.6 per cent) were especially frequent. The study showed that claforan, a 3rd generation cephalosporin, and dioxidin were the most active agents despite the species: the number of the isolates resistant to them amounted to 17.9 and 34.7 per cent respectively.
Peritonitis is still an urgent problem and its solution is determined to a great measure by purposeful studies in the field of pathogenesis and treatment. The creation of adequate models of peritonitis acquires particular significance. Eighty-four animals (dogs) were used to create the model. It is shown in the work that a standard model of generalized peritonitis can be produced by two injections of a polymicrobial suspension consisting of the most commonly encountered peritoneal microbes E. coli and B. fragilis. The suspension is injected into different levels of the abdominal cavity. With this method of administration of the polymicrobial suspension the model was reproduced in 90% of cases. Thus, the developed model resembles human peritonitis in the clinical picture and the laboratory and morphological values.
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Rapid detection of H. pylori in samples from gastroduodenal patients is based on the use of standard ingredients made in the USSR: disks with urea from kits and indicator strips to show pH values of the Rifan type, within the pH range 5.8-7.4. This method helps detect pH changes emerging in H. pylori urea disintegration in the liquid and gaseous (air) phases. The sensitivity, specificity, and rate of the test are not inferior to those of the commercial urease test.
Circulation of different antigenic variants of P. aeruginosa in a surgical hospital was studied. In this study the process leading to the formation of pathogenic hospital strains, determined by time and location, from some serovars is demonstrated. The study also established that the department of the hospital where the selection of hospital strains mainly occurred was the resuscitation ward. Some pyoseptic infections of P. aeruginosa etiology with fetal outcome were found to be caused in most cases by hospital strains characteristic of the hospital in the period under study.
Studies aimed at improvement of the technique for isolation of B. fragilis from the pathologic material and for identification thereof were carried out. Methods of anaerobe indication in bacterial associations (the disk and screening techniques) were used for the detection and isolation of B. fragilis. Use of these methods has facilitated and accelerated the agent isolation. Basing on the literature data and his own findings on the isolation rate of B. fragilis and on the incidence rate of differential signs, the author has calculated the diagnostic coefficients and informative value of each test. Use of these coefficients helped make the identification of these agents more reliable and in a number of cases permitted reducing the number of signs to be detected for the identification.
A total of 46 gastric mucosa biopsy specimens obtained during surgery and 90 gastric juice samples from patients with gastroduodenal diseases were examined. Campylobacter-like microorganisms were detected in 84.6 percent of biopsy specimens and in 73.9 percent of gastric juice samples (in gram-stained smears). Urease activity was detected in 75.9 and 13.3 percent, respectively. C. pylori growth in solid nutrient medium in microaerophilic conditions was observed in 44.2 and 5.7 percent of the examined samples, respectively. The studies have demonstrated the efficacy of using disks with urea from standard kits manufactured by the Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology in the city of Gorky in the urease test.
On the basis of clinico-microbiological examinations the presence of anaerobic flora was found in 104 out of 198 patients with peritonitis. The authors propose using intra-aortal++ transfusions of oxygenated blood in complex therapy of anaerobic peritonitis.
Basing on the literature data and their own findings, the authors have attempted a rational arrangement of the microbiologic diagnosis of anaerobic infections. The precultural and cultural stages of the diagnosis have been singled out. A hypothetic diagnosis is put forward at stage I; it is based on the sum of the clinical symptoms of anaerobic infections and on the microscopy of the native material. During the cultural stage the anaerobe colonies indication is performed in the primary inoculation dish by the technique developed by the authors; preliminary identification of the colonies is made here too. Then the obtained subcultures are finally identified according to relevant schemes and to a table with the differentiating markers. The suggested scheme accelerates and simplifies the laboratory diagnosis of anaerobic infections.
The improvements in the design of the MI-752 microanaerostat, manufactured in this country, are aimed at improving its security. These microanaerostats are recommended to be supplied with seamless cases of various volumes or the rigidity of the case fragments attachment be strengthened with bolts. Unsophisticated devices, high-volume anaerostat and ultramicroanaerostat, are suggested. The former is made of a glove steam sterilizer prechamber, the latter of a glass can, 0.5-0.8 1 volume, with a hermetically screwing lid. Both anaerostats are supplied with 2 taps to be filled with oxygen-free gas mixtures. These apparatuses are simple, convenient, reliable; among their advantages are glass walls and the possibility to do without vacuum pumps.
Seasonal changes in the isolation rate of obligate anaerobes from the pathological material of patients with purulent inflammatory diseases were studied. For this purpose 707 samples of pathological material were analysed in the course of 1982-1986. Anaerobes were detected in 160 samples, which constituted 22.6% of all samples under study and 33.5% of the samples showing microbial growth. A statistically significant increase in the isolation rate of anaerobes from pathological material at the period of March-April was established. It was considered expedient to regard this newly found effect as an additional risk factor in the appearance of anaerobic infections and to take it into account in planning and carrying out prophylactic and diagnostico-therapeutic measures.
Six hundred and sixty five samples of clinical materials from patients with various pyoinflammatory diseases were tested for obligatory anaerobes. Anaerobes were detected in 148 samples which amounted to 22.3 per cent of the total number of the samples and to 33.2 per cent of the samples with microbial growth. A total of 171 strains of obligatory anaerobes were isolated. Among them 58.5, 24.5, 16.4 and 0.6 per cent were nonsporulating gramnegative bacilli, grampositive cocci, grampositive bacilli and gramnegative cocci respectively. Sensitivity of the isolated anaerobes was tested with the disk diffusion method. The most active drugs against the tested strains were: nitroxoline, rifampicin, metronidasole, erythromycin, carbenicillin and cefotaxim (4.2, 4.5, 9.3, 10.6, 11.5 and 11.7 per cent of the resistant strains respectively). Gentamicin, polymyxin M, novobiocin and cefazoline were the least active drugs (94.6, 78.9, 65.4 and 50.0 per cent of the resistant strains respectively). Metronidasole, levomycetin, nitroxolin, rifampicin and furazolidone showed the highest activity against bacteroids of the fragilis group (0, 0, 0, 8 and 12.5 per cent of the resistant strains respectively) while gentamicin, polymyxin M, cefazolin, oxacillin, novobiocin and penicillin showed the lowest activity (100, 100, 100, 100, 87.0 and 66.7 per cent of the resistant strains respectively).
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