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Biomedical subjects

L G Epstein

Publications and source records attributed to L G Epstein.

98 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Attachment of myelin to coated pits on macrophages in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) invading macrophages appear to destroy the antigen-containing region of the plasma membrane of the myelinating cell, leaving the cell body intact. We report here that during myelin destruction and phagocytosis, myelin lamellae are attached to coated pits on the macrophage surface. As coated pits are sites where receptor-ligand complexes concentrate prior to endocytosis, we conclude that ligand-mediated phagocytosis may explain the targeted activity of macrophages in autoimmune demyelination.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood stroke and supraventricular tachycardia.

Acquired hemiplegia in childhood is uncommon. All causes of stroke in adults should be considered in children, including atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease even though it is rare. In addition, children suffer from many conditions that may result in stroke. Unlike adults, a cardiac illness resulting in stroke is extremely unusual in an otherwise healthy child. We report a case of a four-year-old child; he presented with the sudden onset of a right hemiplegia associated with supraventricular tachycardia. Cerebral angiography indicated a left internal carotid artery occlusion. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of childhood stroke with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).

Carotid Artery Thrombosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reversible parkinsonism from shunt failure.

Parkinsonism developed as the result of shunt malfunction in a 16-year-old girl with aqueductal stenosis. Her symptoms responded to levodopa and shunt revision. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Delayed traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in children.

This report describes delayed traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in five pediatric patients. The phenomenon has been considered extremely rare in children. Cranial computed tomography preceding and following the ictal hemorrhages provides the best documentation of this phenomenon and suggests some insights into the pathogenic mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebellar infarction in children.

We report 3 children with posterior circulation strokes. Cerebellar infarction is rare in children; therefore, it was not the clinical diagnosis suspected primarily in 2 of these patients. The diagnostic value and limitations of neuroimaging studies, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, in cerebellar infarction in children are discussed. Because 3 patients were examined in a 2 year period in one institution, this entity may be more prevalent than generally believed and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of posterior fossa lesions in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HTLV-III/LAV-like retrovirus particles in the brains of patients with AIDS encephalopathy.

It has been postulated that the retrovirus HTLV-III/LAV thought to be the etiologic agent of AIDS also infects the central nervous system and directly causes AIDS encephalopathy. Electron microscopical studies performed on brain sections from three patients with AIDS complicated by progressive encephalopathy revealed structures morphologically consistent with HTLV-III/LAV retrovirus particles. The particles were located principally within multinucleated giant cells but were also present in astrocytes. Many particles were also noted in the extracellular space.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful xenografts of second trimester human fetal brain and retinal tissue in the anterior chamber of the eye of adult immunosuppressed rats.

Successful xenografting of first trimester human fetal CNS tissue and retina has been reported in the literature. We wished to test the feasibility of using the anterior chamber of the rat eye to support the development of more mature human fetal xenografts. Here we report on the successful outcome of human brain and retinal transplants. Adult host rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A accepted these xenografts and supported their further development. Periodic examination of the host eyes using a direct ophthalmoscope or an ophthalmic slit lamp permitted direct visual monitoring of the health and growth of the transplants. Histologically it was possible to identify neuronal, macroglial, and microglial (macrophage) cell types within the grafts. Mitotic activity and histogenetic differentiation took place. Blood vessels filled with hematic cells were commonly present within the grafts. The walls of these vessels prevented the leakage of horseradish peroxidase, suggesting the presence of a functional brain-blood barrier in the graft. These results indicate that it is possible to use a small animal model to study normal and pathological phenomena on late fetal human neural tissues. Our group has already taken advantage of the model to achieve HIV infectivity of fetal human brain outside the human body.

Animals↗