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Biomedical subjects

L G Koss

Publications and source records attributed to L G Koss.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Dysplasia. A real concept or a misnomer?

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the author's views on precancerous lesions of the epithelium of the uterine cervix. It is pointed out that the pathologist's ability to prognosticate the outcome of any such lesion is limited. The names attached to these lesions, ranging from mild dysplasia to carcinoma in situ do not necessarily reflect their true biologic potential in terms of disappearance, persistence, or progression. It is suggested that a unified nomenclature of these lesions may be helpful in clarifying the issue at hand. Comments on the accomplishments and failures of the cytologic methods of diagnosis of these lesions are appended.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1977

Configuration of surfaces of human cancer cells in effusions. A scanning electron microscopic study of microvilli.

The surfaces of viable cells of metastatic human carcinomas of various histologic types and primary origin, suspended in pleural and ascitic fluids, were shown by scanning electron microscopy to be covered by microvilli of variable configuration and distribution. Microvilli of some cancer cells appeared biologically active since they were capable of forming extensions and anastomoses when settling on glass. The possible specificity and significance of microvilli in the light of the experimental data were discussed.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1977

A scanning electron microscopic and immunologic study of B-cell lymphosarcoma cells in cerebrospinal fluid.

Homogenous populations of malignant cells from the spinal fluids of two patients with metastatic lymphosarcoma were studied immunologically and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The malignant cells in both spinal fluids were shown to be of B-cell origin. The surface morphology of these cells was variable with the majority of the cells having numerous microvilli and a minority having few or no microvilli. This appears to be the first report on the surface ultrastructure of B-lymphosarcoma cells suspended in spinal fluid.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Nonpapillary carcinoma in situ and atypical hyperplasia in cancerous bladders: further studies of surgically removed bladders by mapping.

Complete mapping of epithelium has been performed in 10 bladders surigcally removed for cancer. In all cases, in areas adjacent to or distant from the visible tumors, nonpapillary carcinoma in situ and related lesions such as atypical hyperplasia could be demonstrated. More importantly, in 5 of the 10 bladders, areas of occult invasive carcinoma derived from such abnormal epithelia have been recorded. These findings fully confirm prior observations and raise the number of totally mapped bladders to 20. The histologic findings in the entire series of 20 cases are discussed and the distribution of cancer and precancerous lesions tabulated. It is suggested that the areas of the bladder most frequently affected by precancerous lesions are the left and right lateral walls and the posterior wall. The trigone and the dome are less frequently involved. The need for aggressive assessment of bladder epithelium in patients with tumors of the bladder and/or early radical treatment for patients with non papillary carcinoma in situ is discussed in light of these observations.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Cervical cytology: the need for routine screening in the sexually active adolescent.

Pelvic examinations, including a Papanicolaou smear of the uterine cervix, were performed on 403 asymptomatic, sexually active adolescent girls aged from 12 to 16 years who were in a youth detention center in New York City. The smears were negative for precancerous abnormalities in 389 girls, but 168 of these had evidence of inflammation or nonspecific atypia. In the remaining 14 smears there was cytologic evidence of early precancerous changes (low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia). The prevalence rate for early neoplastic changes was 35/1,000, far higher than previously reported. Further evaluation of three of these girls, by colposcopy and biopsy, revealed precancerous epithelial abnormalities of varying degrees of severity in two of them. Since all patients screened were sexually active and were asyptomatic, no clinical feature distinguished the 389 with negative cytology from the 14 with intraepithelial neoplasia. Five of the patients with precancerous cellular abnormalities had histories of sexual activity of less than two years. The data suggest that cervical cytologic screening should be incorporated into the routine examination of sexually active female adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Flow-microfluorometric analysis of nuclei isolated from various normal and malignant human epithelial tissues. A preliminary report.

In order to obviate some of the technical problems associated with preparation of monocellular cell suspensions required for flow fluorometry, isolation of nuclei from several types of benign and malignant human tissues was undertaken. Satisfactory preparations of nuclei were obtained from epithelia of the uterine cervix and colon and from lung tissue using the citric acid method. The sucrose method was effective with colonic epithelium only. Distribution of deoxyribonucleic acid content in these nuclei was measured based on green fluorescence of acridine orange and red fluorescence of propidium iodide in a Bio-Physics Cytofluorograph. Essentially diploid patterns of deoxyribonucleic acid distribution were observed for all benign samples regardless of tissue origin whereas the malignant samples gave histograms suggestive of abnormal deoxyribonucleic acid distribution. Preliminary observations on distribution of single-stranded nucleic acids using acridine orange red fluorescence showed marked differences between populations of benign and malignant nuclei. Isolated nuclei appear to be suitable for flow-through microfluorometric analysis and offer some significant advantages over intact cells.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1977

Chromosome analysis and alkaline phosphatase of C41, a cell line of human cervical origin distinct from HeLa.

The C41 cell line, which was derived from a human squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix, has been characterized by analysis of quinacrine-banded metaphase chromosomes and study of alkaline phosphatase. C41 cells have a distinctive karyotype. They are hypodiploid, with a highly characteristic series of marker chromosomes, most of them derived by translocation or deletion. They contain no HeLa cell marker chromosomes, and the cell line shows no evidence of HeLa cell contamination. Nevertheless, the C41 and the HeLa cell line, both derived from cervix cancer, although of a different histological type, produce similar alkaline phosphatases. The enzyme is heat stable (placental type), is inhibited by L-phenylalanine, and responds to the inducing effects of prednisolone and/or hyperosmolality.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

The use of a slide spinner in the analysis of cell dispersion.

A simple and reliable method of determining the degree of dispersion of a cell suspension has been developed using the Perkin-Elmer Uni-Smear Spinner. Optimum conditions regarding rate and duration of spin, etc., were first ascertained using dispersed cell cultures including human cervical cancer cells as well as gynecologic samples. After spinning, single cells in suspension appeared as isolated cells on the slides. Cell aggregates, on the other hand, remained together. Therefore, the distribution of cells in various sized aggregates could be easily quantitated and the slides retained for future review. This method was used to evaluate the dispersing effects of trypsin, ethylenediaminetetraacetate and and syringing human on human gynecology samples obtained by routine cervical scrapes. None of the dispersion methods has, so far, produced an adequate monodispersed cell suspension without unacceptable cell loss.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1976

Secular trends in prevalence and concentration of pulmonary asbestos bodies--1940 to 1972. A necropsy study.

This study was designed to inquire into changes in the prevalence and concentration of asbestos bodies in the lungs of the necropsy population in Sinai Hospital of Baltimore during a 33-year period, 1940 to 1972. A tissue digestion technique was used to extract and quantitate asbestos bodies not only in fresh samples of pulmonary tissue but also in older fixed and blocked samples. A significant increase in the proportion of lungs containing asbestos bodies was found in the later years, as well as an increase in the concentration of asbestos bodies in lungs of the older age groups. Currently, 91.1%of this necropsy population in Baltimore harbor asbestos bodies in their lungs. The biologic importance of this increase is uncertain and speculative.

Adolescent↗