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Biomedical subjects

L G Koss

Publications and source records attributed to L G Koss.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis: report of first case with preoperative diagnosis.

The cytologic, histologic and ultrastructural features of a malignant carcinomatous mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis in a 30-year old patient are described. This is the first such case with preoperative diagnosis by cytologic examination of hydrocele fluid and the second with documented history of exposure to asbestos. The identity of the tumor was confirmed by a positive immunoperoxidase reaction directed against mesothelial cells. A review of the previously described ten cases is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Caution on the use of lymphocytes as standards in the flow cytometric analysis of cultured cells.

Flow cytometry was used to compare the fluorescence intensity of the G0/G1 peak of a diploid (WI-38), a hypodiploid (C4I) and a heteroploid (KB) human cell line with that of nonstimulated human lymphocytes. With all three cultured cells the fluorescence intensity was substantially higher than that of lymphocytes. These results, obtained with three different DNA-intercalating fluorochromes, suggest that lymphocytes may not be the standard of choice for flow cytometric studies of the DNA distribution in human cell cultures and that diploid cells such as WI-38 may be more appropriate for this purpose.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1982

Fine structure of cultured epithelial cells derived from voided urine of normal adults.

Cultures of epithelial cells can be initiated with the sediment of voided urine of normal adults. Tightly or loosely packed colonies were formed by cells of diverse morphologic configuration. Ultrastructural studies revealed that the proliferating cells formed abundant desmosomes, imperfectly formed tight junctions and lamina densa, all typical of epithelial cells. Some cells were lined by the characteristic asymmetric unit membrane, thus confirming the urothelial derivation of the cultures. Peculiar, apparently hitherto not described multivesicular bodies, seemingly of cytoplasmic origin, were observed near the surfaces of some cells. The urinary cell culture system is a potentially useful tool for diagnostic and research purposes.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1982

Endometrial carcinoma and its precursors: detection and screening.

This article summarizes the current status of an endometrial cancer detection program in asymptomatic women based on personal experience with 2007 examinees seen during 1979 and 1980. This ongoing feasibility study has shown that occult endometrial carcinoma occurs in approximately 5 of 1000 women age 45 and above and that the disease can be identified by the sampling techniques described in this paper. The identification of high-risk groups is emerging from this prospective study and may lead to a cost-efficient detection protocol that may prove applicable to large scale population screening. The benefits of this study in terms of lowered morbidity and mortality from endometrial carcinoma cannot be documented as yet and require several additional years of follow-up. Perhaps the principal benefit of this study is that it has provided prevalence data for endometrial carcinoma in a hitherto unscreened asymptomatic population against which all future efforts at endometrial cancer detection will have to be measured.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Analytical and quantitative cytology. A historical perspective.

A brief history of the development of analytical and quantitative cytology is presented. In particular, the origins of planimetry and of cytochemical studies on DNA quantitation are discussed: these two endeavors defined many of the parameters that are now being studied by computerized analytical systems. Special attention is given to the development of the Cytoanalyzer, the first automatic scanning device for diagnostic purposes. The problems with cell collection and specimen preparation that beset that early cytoanalytic system remain unsolved with the current high-resolution cell image analysis systems. The developments in flow cytometry, which had origins similar to those of high-resolution studies, are also discussed.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1982

DNA distribution in human colon carcinomas and its relationship to clinical behavior.

Striking differences in outcome of surgically treated colon adenocarcinomas were observed in 33 patients according to the DNA distribution patterns in tumor nuclei, measured by flow cytometry. As discussed and defined in the text and confirmed by appropriate control studies, the tumors were classified into 2 groups: predominantly diploid (20 tumors) and predominantly nondiploid (13 tumors). During the follow-up period of 3-5 years, 12 of the 13 patients with "nondiploid" tumors died of disease within 4-34 months, and the 1 patient still alive after 59 months has extensive metastases. Only 6 of the 20 patients with "diploid" tumors died of disease, sometimes after a slow, protracted clinical course. There were 14 patients with no evidence of disease for periods ranging from 30 to 60 months; 1 of these patients died of other causes. Histologic grading and Dukes' staging appeared to play a relatively limited role in the outcome, although lymph node metastases and vascular invasion were more often observed in the nondiploid tumors. These observations suggest that the determination of DNA distribution in colon carcinomas may prove to be of prognostic value.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured human intracranial tumor cells.

Alkaline phosphatase activity in several cultured primary human intracranial tumor cells varied over a relatively wide range, and there was no correlation between specific activity and the type of tumor from which the cultures were derived. The enzyme was thermolabile, and its activity was strongly inhibited by l-bromotetramisole, levamisole, and L-homoarginine but not by L-phenylalanine and L-phenylalanyglycylglycine. These are the characteristics of the liver-bone-kidney form of alkaline phosphatase. Prednisolone induced increased levels of enzyme activity in most cultures, and sodium butyrate acted as an inducer in cultures of pituitary adenoma and hemangioblastoma cells. The increase was most pronounced when response cells were exposed to both stimuli simultaneously. The induced alkaline phosphatase had the same properties as the enzyme of cells grown in the absence of inducers. Increased alkaline phosphatase activity was not induced by osmolality changes of the culture medium; this feature appears to be characteristic of cells producing the liver-bone-kidney enzyme form.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Screening of asymptomatic women for endometrial cancer.

This report describes the preliminary results of a feasibility study of detection of endometrial carcinoma in an asymptomatic population of women aged 45 and above. The initial sample of 1280 women was evaluated by several cytologic smear techniques and by 2 endometrial sampling methods assigned by computer. The clinical approaches and the techniques used are detailed. During this initial period of study 8 histologically proved endometrial cancers were diagnosed, 2 of which were deeply invasive. With 1 exception, the 8 patients were either obese or had a past history of treatment with conjugated estrogens. A relatively small number of women with endometrial hyperplasia of various types were also identified. The accuracy of the detection methods and their long-term impact on morbidity and mortality cannot be assessed as yet. Incidentally, a small number of cancers and precancerous states of organs other than the endometrium have also been diagnosed.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1980

Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content in cultured human brain tumor cells.

Analysis of DNA content in cultured cells derived from 5 benign and 8 malignant human brain tumors was performed by flow cytometry, using propidium iodide as fluorochrome. Normal, non-stimulated human lymphocytes were used as controls. Cells harvested from the first confluent subculture had DNA distribution histograms similar to those of a replicating, non-synchronous population of diploid cells. This observation was made on all cultures, regardless of the DNA distribution patterns in the original tumors, including two metastatic tumors which originally had a predominantly triploid DNA content. After 3 to 5 transfers an increase in the proportion of cells with a wide range of DNA content was observed in some cultures. These changes were usually associated with a loss of cell viability. These observations suggest that in the experimental setting described, in vitro proliferation of human tumor cells may be selectively associated with cells with diploid amounts of DNA.

Adenoma↗