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Biomedical subjects

L G Schmitt

Publications and source records attributed to L G Schmitt.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Selected lignosulfonate fractions affect growth performance, digestibility, and cecal and colonic properties in rats.

We determined the effects of lignosulfonate (LS) on nutrient digestibility and on hindgut fermentation characteristics using 80 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a control diet or a diet containing 3% (dry matter basis) of seven selected LS fractions. Lignosulfonate fractions were divided into three categories: two fractionated whole calcium spent sulfite liquors (CaSSL) and one low-molecular-weight permeate of CaSSL designated as WholeLS 1, 2, and 3, respectively; two extracted sodium LS (NaLS) fractions denoted as HighLS 1 and 2 (high percentage of NaLS); and two concentrated sugar solutions designated as LowLS 1 and 2 (low percentage of NaLS). All diets containing LS were less digestible (P < .001) than the control diet. Lignosulfonate treatment had a variable effect on short-chain fatty acid concentration except for LowLS 1, which tended to enhance butyrate concentration. Cecal organ weights were greater (P < .001) for LS treatments, but there was no difference in colonic organ weights. All cecal and colonic pH values, except the cecal pH for HighLS 2, were lower (P < .001) for LS treatment groups. Colonic Bifidobacterium increased (P < .005) with WholeLS 1 and 3 and HighLS 2 treatments. Cecal Lactobacillus levels were increased (P < .001) by WholeLS 1 and 2, LowLS 2, and HighLS 2. Results show that ingestion of selected LS fractions can modify digestive physiology and gastrointestinal tract characteristics of rats.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1986

Alleviation of induced vertigo. Therapy with transdermal scopolamine and oral meclizine.

Twelve healthy subjects received seven-day treatments on a randomized, double-blind, crossover basis, of a transdermal scopolamine system, oral meclizine, and placebo, separated by one-week intervals. Just prior to each treatment, and on days 1 and 7 of each treatment, subjects received two warm (44 degrees C) caloric irrigations of each external auditory canal. Following each irrigation, subjects rated their vertigo symptoms. Subjects reported on their side effects daily throughout each treatment period. Vertigo symptoms on day 1 of treatment were significantly less with transdermal scopolamine than oral meclizine or placebo and on day 7 were significantly less with both scopolamine and meclizine than the placebo. On day 1, meclizine did not reduce vertigo symptoms significantly when compared with the placebo. Drowsiness was greater with use of oral meclizine than transdermal scopolamine.

Dehydration↗
PubMed1984

Nitroglycerin concentration in plasma: comparison between transdermal therapeutic system and ointment.

This double-blind cross-over study evaluates in 12 male volunteers the time course of nitroglycerin concentration in plasma with use of the TTS-nitroglycerin, a controlled-release transdermal dosage form for nitroglycerin, and compares the bioavailability of nitroglycerin delivered from the transdermal system with that from three successive applications of 0.5 inch of 2% nitroglycerin ointment placed at 8 hr intervals over 10 cm2 of skin. The mean amounts of nitroglycerin available when subjects wore the TTS-nitroglycerin or received successive applications of ointment were 15.8 mg +/- 1.8 (SE) and 9.8 mg +/- 0.8, respectively. Mean plasma concentrations for both treatments ranged from 10-18 pg/ml-cm2. The normalized areas under the curves--353 and 410 pg/hr/ml-cm2, respectively--did not differ significantly. The ratio of clearance from the two dosage forms was 0.98 +/- 0.12. All subjects experienced mild-to-moderate side effects of nitrate therapy with both dosage forms and also decrease in blood pressure and increase in heart rate.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

Transdermal scopolamine in the prevention of motion sickness at sea.

Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of scopolamine, absorbed through intact skin, in preventing motion sickness at sea. Efficacy of transdermal scopolamine was compared with oral dimenhydrinate and placebo. Transdermal applications were made 4 to 16 hr before exposure to motion. Dimenhydrinate or placebo was given 1.5 hr before motion and again 2.5 hr after motion began. Comparison with placebo indicated that transdermal scopolamine provided protection against motion sickness at a significance level of p = 0.0001 and oral dimenhydrinate at a level of p = 0.05. Dry mouth, drowsiness, and blurred vision associated with transdermal scopolamine therapy were minimal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Determination of submicrogram quantities of clonidine in biological fluids.

A sensitive and specific GLC method using electron-capture detection was developed for clonidine in plasma and urine. Di-perfluoroacyl derivatives of both clonidine and the 4-methyl analog of clonidine (used as an internal standard) were formed, and an extraction process was developed for the removal of excess derivatization reagent and endogenous biological compounds; the assay permitted quantification of 25 pg of clonidine/ml in a 4-ml plasma sample. The assay was used to elucidate the time course of plasma concentrations in a normotensive subject following oral administration of 50, 100, and 200 microgram of clonidine hydrochloride and also to determine unchanged drug excreted in the urine.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1979

Effect of transdermally administered scopolamine in preventing motion sickness.

The efficacy of transdermally administered scopolamine was compared with the efficacy of oral dimenhydrinate and placebo therapy in the prevention of motion-induced mausea in a vertical oscillator; medications were administered on a double-blind cross-over basis, with the order of treatments counterbalanced. Thirty-five subjects known to be susceptible to the stimulus were utilized. A placebo effect reduced the motion sickness incidence (MSI) from 100% to 59%. Administration of dimenhydrinate reduced the MSI to 32%, and use of the transdermal therapeutic system scopolamine (TTS-scopolamine) further reduced the MSI TO 16%. TTS-scopolamine afforded 73% protection against motion-induced nausea, compared to 46% protection with dimenhydrinate. The TTS-scopolamine is designed to remain in the body for 72 hours, providing advantages over intramuscular or oral administration of scopolamine, which include reduced daily dosage, and an effective alternate to the gastrointestinal tract for administrating medication at times of gastrointestinal distress.

Administration, Topical↗