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Biomedical subjects

L Gürtler

Publications and source records attributed to L Gürtler.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Carrier bound synthetic oligopeptides in ELISA test systems for distinction between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection.

A series of synthetic carrier bound oligopeptides derived from corresponding regions of the core and envelope proteins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 were used in enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected individuals. The combination of peptides from regions either conserved or highly variable between the two virus types allowed the identification of HIV infection in general and the differentiation between HIV-1 and HIV-2. No specific reaction was found in seronegative individuals. The use of peptides bound to the same polystyrene carrier as in peptide synthesis allowed the establishment of a highly specific and sensitive test system without the risk of unspecific cross-reaction due to contamination with bacterial or cellular protein material.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[The significance of HTLV-1 and HIV-2 for transfusion medicine in Europe].

Both viruses, HTLV-1 and HIV-2, are retroviruses and thus remain lifelong in the infected organism. HTLV-1 (human T lymphotropic Virus type 1) has spread worldwide, but Japan, Central Africa, Caribic, the northern part of South America and some regions in the United States show the highest prevalence. The screening of blood products for HTLV-1 is of minor importance. HIV-2 is found in West Africa, Brasil and Europe. The total number of infected people known in Europe is 219. HIV-2 will spread further in Europe, but the rate of increase cannot be predicted. For the screening of blood donations assays detecting both HIV's (1 and 2) are soon available. With regards to the presence of retroviruses, blood donations in Central Europa have yielded a very high degree of safety.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1989

[HIV infection in legal autopsies].

Since May 1987 all postmortem cases at the Munich Institute of Forensic Medicine were screened for HIV-antibodies. If possible, testing was carried out before the postmortem examination in order to allow specific protective measures. 19 of 2631 consecutively tested corpses (= 0.7%) were HIV-infected. Since 1986, the onset of occasional testing, we found 29 HIV-infections. 24 of these were men, 5 were women. At least 15 were i.v.-drug abusers und 8 were homosexuals. In post mortem testing of body fluids false-positive results can be recognized easily even by ELISA-testing alone. Additional testing of several body fluids other than blood and especially of brain tissue proved to be valuable and yielded reliable results. Body fluids and tissues of HIV-infected corpses are potentially infectious as long as one week after death.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1988

[HIV testing in general practice].

In the third quarter of 1987 a questionnaire was sent to 350 consecutive patients of a general practice for the purpose of ascertaining patients' willingness to be tested (if desired, anonymously) without charge for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They were asked, among other questions, about their reasons for or against wanting the test, previous blood transfusions, drug dependence, homo- or bisexuality, and sexual contact with heroin addicts. Nearly half the questionnaires (162 were completed and returned. Of the responding patients 60% voted for, 40% against the test. The large majority of those for it reported no previous risk factors but wanted to have what they assumed would be a negative test confirmed in writing. In addition to this questionnaire study all clinical and anamnestic indications for HIV testing were documented over a six-month period (16 cases). Two heroin addicts and a homosexual male had a positive anti-HIV test, while all others were negative.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

The high efficiency, human B cell immortalizing heteromyeloma CB-F7. Production of human monoclonal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus.

This paper describes the construction of a new heteromyeloma cell line designated CB-F7. The cell line was derived from xenogeneic somatic cell hybridization between normal human B lymphocytes and the murine HAT-sensitive P3X63Ag8/653 cell line. CB-F7 cells were characterized by rapid cell growth (doubling time about 16 h) and high cloning efficiencies in culture medium supplemented with 10% or 5% fetal calf serum, respectively. The karyotype of the cells consists of about 75-78 chromosomes as well as two chromosomal fragments. Fusions of the cells with human peripheral blood cells resulted in approximately 2-6 clones per 10(5) seeded lymphocytes. Furthermore, the cells are ouabain resistant and therefore suitable for fusions with EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. Using CB-F7 as the parental cell line a number of specific human mAb producing hybrids were established. For the first time, we describe here the generation of hybrids secreting human monoclonal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Two monoclonal antibodies of IgG type and one of IgM type reacted with the major core protein p25 and one IgG antibody reacted with the transmembrane protein gp41.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Class II (DR) antigen expression on CD8+ lymphocyte subsets in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

In a selected group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients we confirm the expansion of a CD8+ T-lymphocyte subset, i.e., the CD8+/Leu7+ cells, which account for 30% of the lymphocytes, compared to 3% in the control donors. In addition, a CD8+ T-lymphocyte subset that coexpresses class II (DR) antigens, i.e., CD8+/DR+ cells, is also increased from 1.5% in controls to 27% in the HIV-infected patients. Using three-color immunofluorescence and flow cytometry we can demonstrate that the CD8+/Leu7+ and the CD8+/class II+ cells are not distinct but overlapping subsets. In the HIV-infected patients 42% of the CD8+/Leu7+ cells were strongly positive for class II and these CD8+/Leu7+/class II+ cells accounted for 13% of all lymphocytes. These findings indicate that the expanded CD8+/Leu7+ cells are activated and hence might be actively involved in immune defense in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

A new second-generation anti-HIV-1 enzyme immunoassay using recombinant envelope and core proteins.

In a multicenter collaborative study a new second-generation HIV-1 antibody enzyme immunoassay (Abbott recombinant HIV-1 EIA) using Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant p24 and p41 proteins as solid-phase antigens was compared with the first-generation H9 cell-line-based Abbott HIV-1 EIA. The results of the confirmatory assays (Western blot, immunofluorescence), combined with clinical information, were used as the reference standard for the detection of HIV-1 antibodies in 10,676 random blood donor serum specimens, in a panel of 840 specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and a total of 63 serial blood specimens from 23 people at risk. With fresh blood donor sera, the specificity of the first-generation assay ranged between 99.54 and 99.76% (95% confidence limits, CL) compared with 99.81-99.95% (95% CL) for the second-generation EIA. With panel specimens the recombinant HIV-1 EIA achieved an overall sensitivity of 100% and a specificity range of 98.3-99.7% (95% CL); the corresponding sensitivity and specificity ranges observed for the first-generation EIA were 98.0-99.5% (95% CL) and 94.3-96.8% (95% CL), respectively. The improved sensitivity for the second-generation assay was confirmed by testing serial samples from seroconverting patients. The use of recombinant proteins eliminated non-specific reactions due to class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-directed antibodies.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1987

[Serological and immunological diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. Studies of 198 infected cases].

Since 1985, a total of 4281 patients at the Department of Dermatology, University of Munich, were tested for HIV-1 antibodies. Using the ELISA test, 273 were found to be positive, of whom 198 were examined clinically. At the time of the first serological test, 76 of these 198 patients (38.4%) had no clinical symptoms, 98 (49.5%) had a lymphadenopathy syndrome, and 29 had the full-blown picture of AIDS (12.1%). The following additional tests were performed on the 198 patients: antibodies against virus envelope and core proteins, concentration of serum immunoglobulins G, A and M and beta 2-microglobulin, absolute leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, T4/T8 ratio, and intracutaneous cellular immune reaction. Antibodies against virus envelope proteins were present in all the patients. Antibodies against virus core proteins were present in 82% of patients in the latent stage, 64% of patients with the lymphadenopathy syndrome, but only 45% of those with AIDS. Clearcut deviations within the three groups were also present with respect to serum levels of IgG and beta 2-microglobulins, as well as the T4/T8 ratio and the intracutaneous reaction against recall-antigens.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1987

Inactivation of HIV in plasma derivatives by beta-propiolactone and UV irradiation.

The inactivation of HIV in human plasma and plasma derivatives by combined treatment with beta-propiolactone and UV-irradiation was investigated. beta-propiolactone inactivated greater than or equal to 3.5 log10 and UV greater than or equal to 2.8 log10 HIV in plasma and beta-propiolactone greater than or equal to 3.5 log10 in cryoprecipitate and UV irradiation greater than or equal to 4.5 log10 in factor VIII concentrate.

Drug Contamination↗