Phenol and merthiolate as preservatives for diphtheria toxoid.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L GREENBERG.
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The present report is an analysis of results of assays of diphtheria toxoids carried out over a four-year period at the Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Canada. A single preparation, a crude monovalent diphtheria toxoid, was used as a reference standard for all types of preparation (purified, crude, or adsorbed). The results suggest that the use of such a standard is justified even though there is evidence to show that adsorbed and plain toxoids, and toxoids of different grades of purity, do not have identical immunization curves. The merits of the present International Standard for Diphtheria Toxoid, Plain, for the assay of all types of toxoid are discussed. The results suggest that this is not particularly suitable for adsorbed preparations, probably because of its flatter immunization curve. For the latter preparations, the proposed international standard for diphtheria toxoid, adsorbed, should prove more practical and useful.
An analysis of results of assays obtained at the Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Canada, shows that the problem of assaying tetanus toxoids differs with the two test-animals used, the mouse and the guinea-pig. In the mouse, the slopes of dosage-response curves of plain and adsorbed toxoids are clearly not similar, so that separate standards are required for their assay. In the guinea-pig, the slopes of immunization curves for these two types are similar, and one standard should suffice. While a second international standard for adsorbed preparations is not required, laboratories performing these tests are advised to establish separate standards-one for plain toxoid and one for adsorbed.
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