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Biomedical subjects

L Geffray

Publications and source records attributed to L Geffray.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Cholera].

Cholera remains a great epidemic disease. The spread of the current pandemic due to Vibrio cholerae O1, the discovery of a permanent aquatic reservoir due to dormant state of vibrio, the occurrence in 1992 of the new pathogenic serotype O139 in India, and increasing antibiotic resistance are clear demonstration that this old disease is far from conquered. Clinical manifestations are due to the stimulation of enterocytic cAMP by vibrio's enterotoxin. Treatment by appropriate early rehydration is highly effective. During major outbreaks it requires "military logistics". Hygiene and chlorine remain the best prophylaxis; WHO's recommendations on the use of the new oral vaccines, effective against O1-strains, will probably evolve as the results of ongoing trials will become available.

Cholera↗
PubMed1994

[African histoplasmosis: clinical and therapeutic aspects, relation to AIDS. Apropos of 4 cases, including a case with HIV-1-HTLV-1 co-infection].

The authors report 4 cases of African histoplasmosis in Zaïrans. The diagnostic was based ou cutaneous (4 patients), bones (3), lymph-nodes (2), and bowel-localizations (1) and was confirmed by the presence of Histoplasma duboisiis yeasts in cutaneous biopsy (4 patients), in pus of abscess or cutaneous lesions (3) and in stools (1). Two HIV seronegatives patients had a good outcome with amphotericin B. One patient died without any treatment. One HIV-1 and HTLV-1 seropositive patient had successful short-term outcome with ketoconazole. Seven others cases of association between African histoplasmosis and AIDS are noted in the literature. They suggest the opportunistic nature of this deep mycosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Safety of pentamidine prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the endocrine pancreatic function in HIV patients.

We assessed the pancreatic beta cells function of HIV patients receiving either 300 mg per month of aerosolized pentamidine (n = 12) or oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), twice a day three times per week (TMP: 160 mg, SMX: 800 mg) (n = 10). Intravenous (i.v.) glucose tolerance tests were performed after i.v. injection of 0.5 glucose by kg of body weight in 30 seconds. Plasma insulin levels were assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 3 and 5 min. Moreover, in patients receiving inhaled pentamidine, plasma glucose amylase and insulin levels were measured every 30 min for 2 hours after the end of the aerosol. Plasma pentamidine levels were measured 30 min after the end of the aerosol. Those tests were performed every 2-3 months for one year. In most patients taking aerosol treatment, pentamidine levels were detectable, remaining under levels of 50 ng/ml. Pentamidine plasma levels increased in a time dependent manner. Baseline plasma glucose, amylase and insulin levels were in normal range and remained stable during the therapy. For 7 out of 12 patients, glucose tolerance tests showed an adequate insulin secretion: the addition of the two best insulin levels were higher than 70 IU/ml. When this criteria was not found (n = 5), a glucagon stimulation test allowed to exclude an endocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Due to its apparent short half-life, increased pentamidine levels could be related to an improvement of spray techniques as well as to a cumulative effect. Pancreatic function was preserved in pentamidine-treated patients compared to TMP-SMX-treated patients.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

[Primitive Sjögren's syndrome in France and Ecuador. Possible involvement od HTLV 1].

The authors study the possible involvement of retrovirus in Sjögren's syndrome. They report a preliminary study of 20 French and 13 Ecuadorian patients with a primary Sjögren syndrome. A previous epidemiologic study showed a HTLV1 seroprevalence going from 0.04 to 6% on different regions of Ecuador. The results of this study show the presence of anti-HTLV1 antibodies only in 2 Ecuadorian patients and does not allow a final conclusion of the role of HTLV1 virus. Nevertheless other studies continue on the serie using minor salivary gland specimens obtained by biopsy. Recent publications and the notion of an "endogen" retrovirus will may be lighten a new day in this research.

Ecuador↗
PubMed1990

[The treatment of imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria with halofantrine. Apropos of 59 case reports (corrected and republished article orginally printed in Med Trop (Mars) 1990 Jan-Mar;50(1):113-7)].

59 cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria fever occurring in non-immune Caucasian subjects having got a correct chemoprophylaxis by chloroquine were treated by halofantrine (HALFAN). They were given 1500 mg divided in 3 doses of 500 mg every 6 hours from D1 to D8. All them were back from a malarial highly endemic zone with chloroquine resistance. Analysis of the main biological and clinical efficiency parameters displayed very satisfactory results: disappearances of fever (mean 22 H) and parasitemia (mean 36 H) are short. After two months of monitoring, no malaria recrudescence was noted. With an efficacy of 10 p.c. associated to a noticeable clinical and biological tolerance Halofantrine is a first-class treatment of chloroquine resistant malaria fever.

Adolescent↗