PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L George

Publications and source records attributed to L George.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Hypertrophic osteopathy in three horses and a pony.

Hypertrophic osteopathy was diagnosed in 3 horses and in a pony, ranging in age from 8 to 21 years. There were 2 females, 1 sexually intact male, and 1 gelding. In 3 animals, hypertrophic osteopathy was associated with pulmonary abscesses, bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma, and ovarian granulosa-cell tumor, respectively, and resulted in death or euthanasia. Duration of the condition ranged from 1 to 4 months. In 1 horse, hypertrophic osteopathy was believed to be secondary to pregnancy, and resolved following uncomplicated delivery of a live foal.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Relation between hospital experience and in-hospital mortality for patients with AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: experience from 3,126 cases in New York City in 1987.

There is marked debate about whether outcomes of care, particularly mortality, vary as a function of hospital and physician experience with a disease. This issue is especially important with respect to AIDS because greater than 200,000 individuals have now been diagnosed with this disease. We analyzed discharge data for 3,126 persons with AIDS who had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and who were treated at one of 73 New York City hospitals in 1987. In-hospital mortality was 25%. Factors associated with higher chances of short-term death were older age, being black, not having private health insurance, and being severely ill. A logistic regression model indicated that after controlling for differences in patient and hospital characteristics, the chances of death decreased when care was given at hospitals with higher caseloads of patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Our findings suggest that hospital experience may decrease mortality in this subset of patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease, although it is unknown whether this is due to differences in quality of care.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Endocarditis in a cow.

Bacterial endocarditis of the tricuspid valve was diagnosed in a cow with weight loss, reduced milk production, and intermittent fever. Clinical signs of disease included jugular and mammary vein pulses, tachycardia, large cardiac silhouette, and grade-III/V holosystolic murmur. The diagnosis was also supported by echocardiographic findings and isolation of Streptococcus viridans from blood samples. The cow was treated with penicillin, furosemide, acetylsalicylic acid, heparin, and potassium chloride and survived 14 months after the diagnosis, producing 1 live calf and 4 viable embryos. The cow's heart rate exceeded an upper normal limit of 80 beats/min during most of the initial 4 months of treatment. Additional clinical signs of disease that were observed during treatment included diarrhea, ventral edema, and coughing. General medicine and cardiology textbooks have previously minimized the potential benefits of anticoagulant use in cases of septic endocarditis. The advent of routinely performed embryo transfer procedures may make treatment of endocarditis feasible in cattle with exceptional genetic merit.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Epidemiologic data and planning mental health services. A tale of two surveys.

The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program (ECA) is the most comprehensive community and institutionalized epidemiologic data base currently available for mental health service planning. In this report, the authors compare the ECA with a previous community survey used to plan mental health services--the Stirling County Study--in terms of conceptual framework, research design, results and implementation of service planning. Familiarity with the Stirling County Study can inform users of ECA data regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the ECA data for health services research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The Damus-Fontan procedure.

The Damus-Kaye-Stansel operation is a useful technique for the treatment of complex cyanotic congenital heart disease when there is obstruction between the systemic ventricle and the aorta. Modifications of the technique include transection of the aorta and the pulmonary artery, anastomosis of the contiguous aortic and pulmonary walls, and connection of the distal aorta to the perimeter of the new bivalved proximal great artery. In addition, the bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt technique can be used with or without the Fontan procedure. Six patients underwent a Damus-Fontan operation, and all survived. Two patients underwent the Damus-cavopulmonary shunt (hemi-Fontan) procedure, and 1 survived. The postoperative status of the 7 survivors is good to excellent. Follow-up ranges from 2 months to 7 1/2 years.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

Maternal serum unconjugated oestriol and human chorionic gonadotrophin levels in twin pregnancies: implications for screening for Down's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate maternal serum unconjugated oestriol (uE3) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels in twin pregnancies and to consider the implications of the results for antenatal screening for Down's syndrome. DESIGN: Measurement of maternal serum uE3 and hCG levels from 15-22 weeks of gestation in twin and singleton pregnancies. Previously available maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were also presented. SETTING: Stored serum samples collected from women receiving routine antenatal care in Oxford were used. SUBJECTS: 200 women with a twin pregnancy and, for each, three singleton control pregnancies matched for gestational age (same completed week of pregnancy) and duration of storage of the serum sample (same calendar quarter). RESULTS: The median uE3, hCG and AFP levels in the twin pregnancies were respectively, 1.67 (95% CI 1.56-1.79), 1.84 (95% CI 1.64-2.07) and 2.13 (95% CI 1.97-2.31) multiples of the median (MoM) for singleton pregnancies at the same gestational age. The variance of values for the three serum markers (expressed in logarithms), and the correlation coefficients between any two, were similar in the twin and singleton pregnancies. CONCLUSION: In maternal serum screening programmes for Down's syndrome dividing uE3, hCG and AFP MoM values in twin pregnancies by the corresponding medians for twin pregnancies will, in expectation, yield a similar false-positive rate in twin pregnancies as in singleton pregnancies.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1991

The cryopreserved homograft valve in the pulmonary position: mid-term results and technical considerations.

Since September 1985, 60 cryopreserved homograft valves (12 aortic and 48 pulmonary) have been implanted in the pulmonary position in 56 patients. There were 34 primary operations and 26 reoperations. The ages ranged from 15 days to 22 years; the follow-up ranged from 1 month to 5 1/2 years. The operative mortality was 3.3% (2/56). There were two late deaths (not valve related). Five patients underwent replacement of the homograft; in one patient the homograft was replaced with a heterograft valve. Pathological analysis of the explanted homografts revealed calcification of the wall with satisfactory leaflet function. The leaflets were relatively acellular. No evidence of inflammation or rejection was detected. Four explants were performed for nonvalve-related indications. There are 51 long-term survivors with a homograft in place. Forty-eight are in excellent condition; three are mildly symptomatic (not valve related). Benign pulmonary insufficiency murmurs are present in 29 patients. The presence of trivial or mild insufficiency was independent of the technique of implantation. In general, cryopreserved homograft valves function well in the right ventricular outflow tract. Longer term follow-up is necessary to confirm the superiority of the cryopreserved homograft when compared to the porcine heterograft in the right ventricular outflow tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt.

The bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt improves systemic arterial oxygen saturation without increasing ventricular work or pulmonary vascular resistance. Since 1983, 17 patients have undergone a cavopulmonary shunt procedure (five primary operations, 12 secondary operations). Diagnoses were single ventricle complex (n = 4), hypoplastic right heart syndrome (n = 10), and hypoplastic left ventricle (n = 3). Age at primary operation ranged from 3 1/2 to 30 months (median 6 months). Weight ranged from 3.5 to 9.7 kg. Age at secondary operation ranged from 10 months to 14 years (median 15 months). Seven cavopulmonary shunt operations were performed without cardiopulmonary bypass (six via thoracotomy and one via sternotomy) and 10, with cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients in the bypass group had additional procedures: takedown of modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, seven patients; revision of right ventricular outflow tract, four patients; reconstruction of pulmonary arteries, four patients; tricuspid valvuloplasty, one patient; and Damus procedure, one patient. There was one (1/17) operative death (Damus procedure). One patient required early revision. Follow-up ranges from 1 to 53 months (median 23 months). Twelve of 16 had a good to excellent late result, with a rise in mean arterial oxygen saturation from 69% to 83%. Three patients died late (4 to 53 months) (pulmonary vascular disease, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, and pneumonia, one patient each). There was one late failure (converted to Glenn shunt). The cavopulmonary shunt is an excellent palliative procedure when right atrium-pulmonary artery connection (modified Fontan) must be deferred because of age, weight, or anatomic considerations. Five patients have undergone right atrium-pulmonary artery connection later. In addition, at the time of the modified Fontan operation, the cavopulmonary shunt approach may optimize the anatomic connection (eight additional patients).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Oesophageal food bolus impaction.

Impaction of food usually occurs in patients having obstructive lesions of the oesophagus. The food bolus impaction normally occurs in patients older than 60 years of age. Though food bolus impaction in the oesophagus is not uncommon, food bolus in the oesophagus causing complete obstruction resulting in total dysphagia is rare. This is a case report of a woman who had complete obstruction of the oesophagus following impaction by a piece of meat. The various treatment modalities available for such a condition are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Late reoperation for systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation after repair of congenital heart defects.

Since 1979, 17 infants and children have undergone reoperation for systemic atrioventricular (AV) valve regurgitation 6 weeks to 7 years after repair of congenital heart defects. Prior operations were repair of incomplete or complete AV canal (14 patients), Mustard repair of complex transposition of the great arteries including ventricular septal defect closure (2 patients), or first-stage operation for hypoplastic left heart (1 patient). Age ranged from 6 months to 11 years. In 12 of the 17 patients (10, AV canal; 1, transposition; 1, hypoplastic left heart), valve reconstruction was possible. Operative techniques included a combination of septal cleft approximation, leaflet resection, commissural annuloplasty, or ring annuloplasty. There were no operative deaths, and there were no reoperations in the repair group. The condition of these patients has improved. Follow-up ranges from 1 month to 9 years (mean follow-up, 4.1 years). Five of the 17 patients (4, AV canal; 1, transposition) underwent valve replacement. There were no operative deaths. Follow-up ranges from 3 to 8 years. Three patients later underwent re-replacement of the prosthetic valve; there was 1 late death. The condition of all 4 survivors is improved. Substantial AV valve regurgitation can occur months or years after repair of congenital heart defects. A combination of reconstructive techniques may be useful in preserving native valve function and avoiding systemic AV valve replacement.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Somatization symptoms in the community: a rural/urban comparison.

Somatization is conceptualized as a bodily or somatic expression of psychic distress. Unexplained somatic symptomatology was assessed by use of the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule among community respondents in the Piedmont of North Carolina participating in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area program. Previous literature suggests that somatization is associated with rural residence, less education, lower socioeconomic class, and particular ethnicities. Through use of a multiple regression analysis, lifetime unexplained somatic-symptom counts were regressed on urban residence and other sociodemographic variables. Rural residence was not associated with somatization; rather, somatization was more common among urban residents. The urban/rural differences were greatest among women and high school graduates. Somatization was also associated with being aged 45 to 64, and being separated, widowed, or divorced; it was not associated with race. Overall, somatization was also associated with less education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Identification and localization of a tau peptide to paired helical filaments of Alzheimer disease.

Amino acid sequencing of a CNBr digest of the tau protein isolated from bovine brain revealed an amino acid sequence of 17 residues, Pro-Gly-Leu-Lys-Glu-Ser-Pro-Leu-Gln-Ile-Gly-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gly-Leu-Lys, which we call peptide I, with heterogeneity at position 11 of glycine (peptide Ia) and proline (peptide Ib); peptide I showed no homology with the previously reported cDNA-derived mouse and human tau sequences. Antisera raised to synthetic peptides corresponding to peptides Ia and Ib labeled all the bovine tau polypeptides recognized by other monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to bovine tau. Antisera to peptide Ib did not label any mouse tau polypeptides; however, an anti-Ia antiserum labeled two of the four mouse tau polypeptides. Antisera to both peptides labeled paired helical filaments (PHF) as neurofibrillary tangles, plaque neurites, and neuropil threads in Alzheimer disease brain and PHF polypeptides on immunoblots. Immunostaining with anti-Ia antisera of PHF in tissue sections and PHF polypeptides, but not bovine tau, on immunoblots was markedly increased when pretreated with alkaline phosphatase. These studies suggest that (i) the amino acid sequences of some isoforms of tau peptide might be different from that predicted from cDNAs, (ii) a tau peptide that is absent in the predicted sequences is present in PHF in Alzheimer disease, and (iii) tau in PHF is abnormally phosphorylated.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1989

Amyloid protein and neurofibrillary tangles coexist in the same neuron in Alzheimer disease.

In Alzheimer disease, paired helical filaments accumulate in the neuron, and amyloid fibers are found in the extracellular space in the neuropil and brain vessels. Amyloid and paired helical filaments are morphologically distinct. Although messenger RNA that encodes the amyloid has also been shown in several tissues, including brain, the intracellular expression of the protein has not been observed. By using monoclonal antibodies to a synthetic amyloid beta peptide, the present study demonstrates that amyloid reactivity is present in both Alzheimer patients and normal individuals in different types of neurons, including the neurons with the neurofibrillary tangles, but not in the tangle itself.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1989

Effects of Moraxella bovis and culture filtrates on 51Cr-labeled bovine neutrophils.

The cytotoxicity of Moraxella bovis whole cells and culture filtrates was studied, using 51Cr-labeled bovine and human blood neutrophils. The cytotoxicity of living M bovis was directly related to the concentration of bacteria in the neutrophil cultures, and was maximal at an approximate neutrophil to bacteria ratio of 1:10. Cytotoxicity was maximal by 30 minutes after living bacteria were added to the suspension of the 51Cr-labeled neutrophils. Expression of the cytotoxicity was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ in the media, and was independent of the presence of Mg2+. Cytotoxic activity was eliminated by inactivating M bovis in buffers containing formalin or sodium azide. Hemolytic and nonhemolytic isolates of M bovis were examined for cytotoxic activity. All 7 of the hemolytic isolates were cytotoxic for bovine neutrophils, but all 4 of the nonhemolytic isolates were devoid of cytotoxic activity. None of the 11 isolates were cytotoxic for human neutrophils. Sterile filtrates from 6-hour shaker cultures of a hemolytic M bovis isolate were cytotoxic for bovine neutrophils. Cytotoxicity of the filtrate was eliminated by heating, incubation with trypsin, or addition of EDTA to the media. Bacterial homogenates or sterile filtrates prepared from statistically incubated cultures of M bovis were not toxic for bovine neutrophils.

Animals↗