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Biomedical subjects

L Grazioli

Publications and source records attributed to L Grazioli.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Magnetic resonance imaging in study of the temporo-mandibular joint. II. Pathologic findings].

A total of 107 temporomandibular joints (TMJ) were examined with two superconductive MR units at 1T and 1.5T. In 73 TMJs, MR revealed 55 disk displacements, 7 disk perforations, 10 joint space adhesions, 33 osteoarthrities, 3 avascular necroses of the mandibular condyle, and 25 joint effusions. These abnormalities are described and discussed. In spite of some limitations--e.g., motion artifacts and patients' claustrophobia--MR imaging is the procedure of choice in abnormal TMJs, because it yields useful information as to therapeutic choice (conservative versus surgical). Arthrography can be used as a complementary study technique in the patients with marked disagreement between clinical and MR findings. Arthroscopy should be used as a surgical procedure in abnormal TMJs selected by previous MR studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Mouse tumors are heterogeneous in their susceptibility to syngeneic lymphokine-activated killer cells and delineate functional subsets in such effectors.

We have analyzed whether lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, generated from C57BL/6J (B6) spleen cells at different times after recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) culture, could be heterogeneous in their ability to lyse a variety of tumor targets. When tested 3 days after exposure to 250 U/ml rIL-2 (day-3 LAK cells) a significant lysis was detected with the natural-killer(NK)-sensitive YAC lymphoma, the NK-resistant P815 mastocytoma, three different syngeneic melanomas and a syngeneic fibrosarcoma (group 1 targets), whereas no lysis was observed with a reticulum cell sarcoma, two different lymphomas or concanavalin A blasts, all of B6 origin (group 2 targets). LAK cells cultured for 5 days, however, lysed group 2 targets and showed a parallel increase of cytotoxic activity against group 1 targets. At day 7, LAK activity declined on all targets examined. In cold-target inhibition studies, the lysis of group 1 tumor targets by day-3 or day-5 LAK cells could be inhibited only by group 1 and not by group 2 unlabelled tumor cells. All group 1 tumors could effectively compete each other. Conversely, the lysis of group 2 tumor targets by day-5 LAK cells was inhibited by both group 1 and group 2 targets. These data indicate the presence of separate LAK effectors that appear to arise with different time kinetics and have different recognition structures. In vitro antibody depletion at the effector level showed that day-3 LAK cells with cytotoxic activity against group 1 tumors were ASGM1+. Day-5 LAK cells included both ASGM1+ and Lyt2+ effectors and both populations, although to a different extent, contributed to the lysis of all targets. Our results indicate that LAK cells are functionally heterogeneous. This heterogeneity is defined by their susceptible target cells and cannot be ascribed to different (Lyt2+ versus ASGM1+) lineages.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Delayed consolidation and pseudarthrosis in posttraumatic pathology of the carpal scaphoid. A magnetic resonance study].

Delayed unions and fibrous or sclerotic non-unions of the carpal scaphoid are frequent sequelae of non-diagnosed or not properly treated fractures. The most important cause of abnormal unions is ischemic necrosis, due to the terminal vascularity of the carpal scaphoid. Conventional X-rays, scintigraphy, and CT do not yield sufficient information for a complete diagnosis; at present, MR imaging represents a valuable alternative, for it is a noninvasive technique able to provide a "biological imaging" of bone. Fourteen patients underwent surgical/nonsurgical treatment, based on the findings supplied by MR imaging. MR reliability was evaluated in relation to the therapeutic results obtained. The study proved MR imaging to provide important information as to therapy planning; in case of surgical treatment, MR imaging helped in choosing the most appropriate location for the insertion of bone graft or screw.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Defective T helper activity in the spleen of BALB/c mice immune to a syngeneic fibrosarcoma.

BALB/c mice were immunized with the syngeneic 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma CA-2 by the growth and excision method. When lymphoid cells from different organs of these tumor-free mice were tested in a direct 51Cr-release assay, peritoneal exudate cells but not spleen cells displayed specific cytotoxicity against the syngeneic tumor target. A cytotoxic response could be obtained by tumor-immune spleen cells when cultured in a mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC) at high but not low density although at the same effector/stimulator ratio. Lack of cytotoxic activity in low density MLTC was not due to an impairment of cytotoxic precursors since cytotoxicity was rescued by adding exogenous interleukin-2 in experimental conditions in which no lymphokine-activated killer cells could develop relevant anti-CA-2 lysis. When low density MLTC were supplemented with either 800 R-irradiated cells or nonirradiated, negatively selected Lyt 1+ cells from the same immune mice, induction of a cytotoxic response against CA-2 occurred and interleukin-2 production became detectable. Additional studies indicated that spleen cells of CA-2-immune mice were also impaired in their ability to provide help to syngeneic thymocytes for the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against C57BL/6J alloantigens. Dilution effect of helper cells due to immunization procedures was excluded since spleen cells of mice immunized against another BALB/c tumor, the YC8 lymphoma, or against DBA/2 minor histocompatibility antigens provided good help to thymocytes against the same alloantigens. These results indicate that tumor-immune animals may also have selective T helper defects in an important lymphoid organ like spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Ly-5.185 molecule is associated with thymic maturation of lymphocytes but not with their cytotoxic activity.

The Ly-5 system is a composite family of molecules with different molecular weight. Each molecular form is characteristic of a different lymphoid population, in particular a 175,000- to 185,000-dalton doublet is peculiar of thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Athymic nude mice, however, lack the 185,000-dalton form on their lymphocytes. To investigate whether the expression of the 185,000 daltons requires the presence of thymus, we induced nude mice lymphocytes to differentiate into mature T cells in vivo by thymus grafting and, in vitro, into T cytotoxic cells (CTL) by cocultivation with alloantigen plus recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2). The appearance of the 185,000-dalton form on lymphocytes of thymus-grafted nude mice but not on in vitro activated cytotoxic cells indicates an active role of thymus in the induction of this molecule and suggests that 185,000-dalton form could be a marker of intrathymic differentiation but not of the cytotoxic activity of T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Analysis of the cellular immune response to and adoptive immunotherapy of a BALB/c lymphoma that cross-reacts with normal DBA/2 cells.

We have previously shown that YC8, a Moloney virus-induced BALB/c lymphoma, is susceptible to lysis by BALB/c anti-DBA/2 effector cells. To further evaluate the relationship between non-H-2 antigens of DBA/2 background and tumor-associated determinants, we investigated the pattern of cytotoxic and proliferative responses induced in BALB/c mice by immunization with YC8 lymphoma. Spleen cells from tumor-immunized animals were restimulated in vitro with YC8 cells and tested for cytotoxicity on target cells of different strains and haplotypes. Cytotoxicity was observed only against YC8, DBA/2 blasts, and P815 (a DBA/2 mastocytoma). BALB/c anti-YC8 effectors were equally blocked by unlabeled YC8 and P815 cells when assayed on YC8 labeled targets. A clonal analysis, however, revealed the existence of at least two types of effectors, one lytic for both P815 and YC8 cells, the other lytic for YC8 cells only. BALB/c anti-YC8 cells proliferate when stimulated both with YC8 and DBA/2 cells in the presence of accessory cells. When tested in an adoptive transfer assay, anti-YC8 cells given i.v. cured 100% of i.v. and 75% of i.p. tumor-injected mice, respectively. When given i.p. anti-YC8 effectors cured 100% of i.p. tumor-injected animals. These results confirm the expression of non-H-2, DBA/2-like antigens on the BALB/c lymphoma YC8 and reveal the presence of additional tumor-associated determinants; both sets of antigens may induce a cellular immune response and elicit immune lymphocytes which can eradicate YC8 cells in an adoptive immunotherapy assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

DBA/2-like minor histocompatibility antigens on a BALB/c lymphoma. A BALB/c anti-DBA/2 serum which lyses the tumor and blocks BALB/c anti-tumor and anti-DBA/2 effectors.

We have previously shown that BALB/c anti-DBA/2 T cells can lyse the Moloney virus-induced BALB/c lymphoma YC8. In order to determine whether serologically defined minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHA) cross-reacting with those of DBA/2 tissues are present on YC8, we produced an antiserum directed against non-H-2 antigens by immunizing BALB/c mice with DBA/2 Con A and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lymphoblasts. In a direct complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay, the antiserum (OR-1) lysed DBA/2 and YC8 but not BALB/c lymphocytes and blasts. No reactions against viral antigens were detected in the antisera as shown by the lack of cytotoxicity on a panel of lymphomas expressing a variety of viral antigens. In addition, OR-1 was able to specifically block a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), H-2-restricted BALB/c anti-DBA/2 cytotoxic response when bound to DBA/2 or to YC8 target cells. These results indicate that antigens cross-reacting between YC8 lymphoma and DBA/2 tissues are serologically defined MiHA of DBA/2 background and that OR-1 serum can block a CTL reaction by binding to target antigen rather than to major histocompatibility complex products.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Biochemical analysis of a public H-2 specificity revealed by an anomalous reaction of an alloantiserum with a chemically induced C57BL/10 fibrosarcoma.

D-25 is a H-2 alloantiserum produced in (B10.D2 X C3H.NB) (H-2d X H-2p)F1 mice after immunization with B10.RIII(H-2r) cells, and which is known to recognize the H-2.25 public antigen on H-2k haplotypes. The "anomalous" reaction of D-25 with a partially purified deoxycholate-solubilized glycoprotein of B10-1 (H-2b) fibrosarcoma was studied with various biochemical techniques. The 125I-labelled precipitates were analysed both in one- and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE and by a partial proteolysis peptide mapping (Cleveland's mapping). The results indicate first that the D-25-related antigen was a genuine H-2 antigen normally associated with the B2-microglobulin, second that this antigen was borne by the Kb but not Db gene products, and finally that D-25 was able to precipitate the same antigen on normal H-2b spleen cells. We conclude that this serum recognized a normal H-2 specificity shared by H-2b and H-2r haplotypes and tentatively identified as the public antigen H-2.54 which for the first time could be assigned to the K but not to the D region of the H-2b haplotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A peculiar case of malignant cerebral reticulosis: clinico-pathological study.

A man aged 56 years, previously healthy, developed asthenia, hypersonnia, apathy, later polydipsia and bulimia, headache and episodes of unconsciousness. There was temporary improvement with steriod therapy, but ever-deepening stupor appeared till death due to bronchopneumonia. All blood chemistry examinations were normal. The CSF IgG was elevated but no neoplastic cells were seen. At autopsy areas of grayish color in the basal gagnlia and granulomatous tissue in the floor of the third ventricle and in the mamillary bodies were seen, and the gonads were attrophied. Microscopically, in the floor of third ventricle, mamillary bodies and adjacent leptomeninges there was granulomatous tissue made up of more-or-less typical cells of the reticulum, polymorphonuclear cells, plasma cells and some phagocytes along with proliferation of small blood vessels and reticulin fibers. In addition, the white matter of the frontal lobes, pons, middle cerebellar peduncle and cerebellar white matter contained diffuse proliferation of pleomorphic histiocytic elements with questionable atypical mitoses. Notwithstanding, the morphology of our case suggests that it is a peculiar form of malignant reticulosis (or malignant histocytosis) related to histiocytosis X. The duplicity of the features of our case suggests it to be neoplastic, where the proliferative phase is followed by a granulomatous and sclerotic one.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer with immune and activated lymphocytes: experimental and clinical studies.

Recent studies of passive adoptive immunotherapy of experimental tumors indicate that histologically different neoplasms can be cured by this procedure in mice, rats and guinea pigs. In this paper two main approaches of adoptive immunotherapy with lymphocytes are considered. One which makes use of specific tumor-immune cells and is applicable to immunogenic tumors, and the other which uses activated (allostimulated and/or IL-2-activated) lymphocytes and is applicable to immunogenic and non-immunogenic neoplasms. Experimental models of both approaches and results provided by them are reviewed. These studies indicate that transfer of tumor-reactive lymphocytes with or without the combined administration of IL-2 into syngeneic tumor-bearing animals can lead to the eradication of a disseminated neoplasia when certain conditions are met. In particular, it was found that high tumor burdens, delay of treatment and low number of transferred lymphocytes can adversely affect the results. It has also been shown that the therapeutic effect of treatment with anti-cancer drugs or irradiation may be significantly improved by the addition of adoptive immunotherapy. The successful treatment of immunogenic tumors often requires the inhibition of suppressor lymphocytes by Cy or irradiation. Non-immunogenic tumors can be successfully treated only by providing activated lymphocytes and high doses of IL-2. Recent findings of few available human studies of adoptive immunotherapy are also reviewed, and the problems of toxicity and possible therapeutic effects of infusion of autologous, activated lymphocytes and IL-2 are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic adenomas: imaging and pathologic findings.

Hepatocellular adenoma is a rare benign lesion that is most often seen in young women with a history of oral contraceptive use. It is typically solitary, although multiple lesions have been reported, particularly in patients with glycogen storage disease and liver adenomatosis. Because of the risk of hemorrhage and malignant transformation, hepatocellular adenomas must be identified and treated promptly. At pathologic analysis, hepatocellular adenoma is usually a well-circumscribed, nonlobulated lesion, and at gross examination, resected adenomas frequently demonstrate areas of hemorrhage and infarction. Most adenomas are not specifically diagnosed at ultrasonography (US) and are usually further evaluated with computed tomography (CT) or other imaging modalities. Color Doppler US may help differentiate hepatocellular adenoma from focal nodular hyperplasia. Multiphasic helical CT allows more accurate detection and characterization of focal hepatic lesions. Hepatocellular adenomas are typically bright on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and predominantly hyperintense relative to liver on T2-weighted images. The prognosis of hepatic adenoma is not well established. Criteria that guide treatment include the number and size of the lesions, the presence of symptoms, and the surgical risk incurred by the patient. Understanding the imaging appearance of hepatocellular adenoma can help avoid misdiagnosis and facilitate prompt, effective treatment.

Adenoma, Liver Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute pancreatitis: resultos of a diagnostic-therapeutic protocol in 80 consecutive cases].

The treatment of acute pancreatitis cannot be standardized in the absence of a prompt diagnosis and of an accurate severity and prognostic score. This study, based on 80 consecutively observed patients, compared the aetiological, clinical, diagnostic (laboratory and imaging) and prognostic data used to select the most appropriate therapy for each patient. The results confirm that the Ranson score shows a satisfactory prognostic relationship between the number of positive parameters and the severity of the disease. Ultrasound, which is useful for defining the aetiologic factors and in the follow-up of peripancreatic effusions, has proved to be limited as a means of imaging abnormalities of the pancreatic parenchyma. CT scans are confirmed as being the only method of accurately demonstrating the presence of necrosis and of evaluating its effective extent. ERCP was performed as soon as possible in the presence of biliary stasis or of suspect ultrasonographic signs. Surgical treatment proved necessary only in 7.5% of cases, on each occasion to drain infected necrotic foci. Promptness of the surgical indication plays an important role in the outcome of necrosectomy and drainage performed with the closed technique. Mortality was limited to 1.25% in our series. A correct diagnostic approach together with prompt treatment can reduce the mortality rate of this disease to a minimum.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of magnetic resonance in the follow-up of aortofemoral prosthetic reconstructions].

The authors report their experience with the use of Magnetic Resonance (MR) in the follow-up of patients undergone aortofemoral bypass or substitution procedures for aneurysmal and/or steno-occlusive lesions of the aortoiliofemoral vascular bed. Twenty-eight patients, at least 2 years from aorto-bifemoral revascularization were evaluated by means of coronal and parasagittal MR planes (mean follow up 78.9 months). One exam over 28 was found to be not diagnostic; whereas the technique showed great usefulness in the morphological and haemodynamic evaluation of each of the graft sites explored (proximal anastomosis, graft body and limbs, femoral anastomosis and periprosthetic tissues) in the remaining 27 cases. The use of this method, in spite of some setting up problems peculiar to the type of examination, according to the authors is very promising because of the chance to obtain morphological and functional data at once and because of the interesting current and future developments of this diagnostic device.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Magnetic resonance in the study of aseptic necrosis of the femur head].

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is a common clinical problem due to the frequent use of corticosteroids and to the high incidence of hip fractures from osteoporosis and traumas. In order to demonstrate MR diagnostic capabilities, 31 patients (62 hips) were studied with MR imaging, CT, and conventional radiology. The patients had already been diagnosed as having AVN of the femoral head, or the condition was clinically suspected. MR staging of the disease was compared with CT staging and with plain radiographs. The authors suggest new MR staging method and adapt the radiographic classification developed by Ficat, Arlet, and Lecestre. The results of this comparative study demonstrate MR imaging to be most appropriate in the patients with equivocal/negative radiological/CT findings. On the contrary, MR imaging is unnecessary when AVN has already been diagnosed by means of other imaging modalities, because in these advanced cases MR diagnostic contribution either equals or is inferior to that of CT and conventional radiology.

Adult↗