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Biomedical subjects

L Gresham

Publications and source records attributed to L Gresham.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Preventing transmission of hepatitis B virus from people with chronic infection.

BACKGROUND: People with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are the major source of HBV transmission in the United States. The Public Health Service recommends prevention counseling for HBV-infected people and vaccination of their household contacts and sexual partners. OBJECTIVES: To describe the implementation of these recommendations by community physicians. METHODS: Telephone survey of 69 people with chronic HBV infection and their healthcare providers, October 1997 through November 1997, in San Diego, California. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Counseling of people with chronic HBV infection and vaccination of their household contacts and sexual partners. RESULTS: Forty-three percent of providers reported providing prevention counseling to their HBV-infected patients to reduce transmission; 16% of patients reported receiving counseling. For the 32 pairs for which both the patient and provider could be reached and the patients were aware of their HBV infection, 20 (63%) providers reported counseling patients, and 10 (50%) of these providers' patients reported receiving counseling. Fifty-five percent of providers recommended vaccination of contacts; 13% of eligible adult household contacts and sexual partners and 20% of eligible child household contacts had begun hepatitis B vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention counseling of people with chronic HBV infection and vaccination of their contacts occur infrequently despite guidelines and an effective vaccine. Collaborative efforts between providers and people involved in public health are needed to improve delivery of these preventive health services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Coccidioidomycosis in California: regional outbreak, global diagnostic challenge.

Beginning in 1991, case reports of coccidioidomycosis in California increased dramatically, pursuant to a variety of natural and demographic factors. This highly infectious fungal disease with propensity to disseminate widely, mimic other conditions, and cause pathology at locations distant in place and time is readily treatable if recognized at an early stage. The concentration of military bases in endemic areas and the mobility of military personnel suggest a heightened potential for case presentations elsewhere and a need for elevated diagnostic suspicion on the part of military physicians worldwide. We review three cases of disseminated disease recently referred to our facility.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Predictors of chewing tobacco and cigarette use in a multiethnic public school population.

Smoking and tobacco-chewing habits of sixth and seventh graders were investigated. Four hundred thirty-three white, black, Mexican-American, and Oriental students in San Diego public schools self-reported their tobacco use as well as perceptions of use among their peers and friends, parental socio-economic status, and other variables. One-third of the respondents had used some form of tobacco at least once, with cigarette smoking more common than chewing. Norm perceptions and best friend's habits predicted both smoking and chewing experimentation and prevalence. White males were more frequent "chewers," while blacks and Mexican-Americans were more frequent smokers. Significant associations between the two types of tobacco use were also found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Current concepts in endometriosis.

There are no conclusive data available on the incidence or prevalence of endometriosis, yet the notion persists that the frequency of cases has dramatically risen in western societies during the past 25 years. Race, familial predisposition, reproductive history, socioeconomic status, personality type and a historical drop in age at menarche have been posited as risk factors for the complex and as-yet-unclear epidemiology of this disorder. The epidemiology of endometriosis is constrained by the difficulty of the diagnosis. Several analytic concepts from epidemiology, however, could be profitably used to further our knowledge of endometriosis. Included are the case-control study, survival and life-table analyses and correlations of psychologic traits with susceptibility to development of the disease. Though none of these techniques is original or without potential for bias, they may be underutilized in solving the conundrum of endometriosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Promoting effective drug-taking behavior in the elderly.

Nurses who wish to promote effective drug-taking behavior in their elderly patients must first enhance their knowledge of the required adaptations in education for older patients. Identification of patients' learning needs and factors affecting learning in the aged have been presented. Numerous strategies, based on current research and theory, were suggested. Goals for learning must be set with the patient. Teaching strategies should be individualized throughout the entire medication teaching program. The time spent in these endeavors will be worth the outcome: safer and more effective self-medication by the older adult.

Aged↗