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Biomedical subjects

L Grillner

Publications and source records attributed to L Grillner.

84 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Hemolysis-in-gel test for the demonstration of antibodies to rubella virus.

A rapid and simple method for the determination of rubella immunity is described. The method, which employs passive hemolysis in agarose gel, is sensitive and reproducible and does not require prior absorption of test sera to remove inhibitors. Immunoglobulin G, but not immunoglobulin M, antibodies were regularly found to give demonstrable reactions in the test. It is concluded that the hemolysis-in-gel test may provide a valuable tool, in particular for mass screening for rubella immunity.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

Neutralizing antibodies after rubella vaccination of newly delivered women: a comparison between three vaccines.

Neutralizing (NT) antibody titres against rubella were determined in sera of 114 newly delivered women vaccinated with the Cendehill strain (Cendevax), the HPV-77 DE-5 strain (Meruvax) or the RA27/3 strain (Almevax). Blood samples were obtained before and 8 weeks as well as 2 years after the vaccination. Eight weeks after the vaccination NT antibodies were found in 56, 79 and 95% and after 2 years in 82, 94 and 100%, respectively. The differences between Cendevax and Almevax were statistically significant. Eight weeks postvaccination the median NT antibody titres were found to be 2, 4 and 4, respectively, while after 2 years the titres had further increased with one titration step. Levels of NT antibodies were observed to increase also after 8 weeks, i.e. during the period 8 weeks to 2 years postvaccination.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seroconversion to hepatitis C virus antibodies in patients with acute posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis in Sweden.

Seventy-four patients in 1978 and 316 in 1986, all transfused during open-heart surgery in Stockholm, Sweden, were studied prospectively for the development of posttransfusion non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis, seroconversion to hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV) (C-100), time lag to seroconversion to anti-HCV and outcome of posttransfusion NANB/C hepatitis. Anti-HCV was tested up to six months after transfusions in patients from 1978 and up to one year after transfusions in patients from 1986. Fifty-four percent of the patients who developed posttransfusion NANB hepatitis seroconverted to anti-HCV, 7/15 (47%) in 1978 and 8/13 (62%) in 1986. Four (27%) of the 15 patients who seroconverted to anti-HCV were anti-HCV reactive within one week, 12 (80%) within eight weeks and all within 18 weeks after the onset of hepatitis. The ELISA optical density/cut-off (OD/CO) ratio was above 4.0 in all patients with hepatitis C who seroconverted. One transfused patient with normal serum aminotransferase levels throughout follow-up seroconverted after six months. He had a temporary positive anti-HCV reactivity with a maximal ELISA OD/CO ratio for anti-HCV of only 1.2, which became negative three years later. Development of chronic hepatitis was noticed in 9/15 (60%) patients who seroconverted to anti-HCV and in 5/13 (38%) patients with posttransfusion NANB hepatitis who did not seroconvert.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Restriction endonuclease analysis of cytomegalovirus DNA from strains isolated in day care centers.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) strains isolated in a previous study from children in group day care have been analyzed by restriction endonuclease cleavage of DNA. CMV was isolated from 16 of 60 children (27%) in several centers in Stockholm. In one center (Center A) 7 of 20 children excreted CMV and all were in the same group. In another center (Center B) 5 of 16 children were CMV-positive. In Center A three children excreted CMV strains with identical DNA cleavage patterns. The other four strains had different unique patterns as had those isolated in Center B. This finding provides evidence that CMV can be transmitted between children in group day care.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human immunodeficiency virus infection and syphilis in Hondurian female prostitutes.

The seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and syphilis was investigated in 181 female prostitutes in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. One particle agglutination test and two enzyme immunoassays, as well as one immunofluorescence test were used for the screening of HIV antibodies. Confirmation of positive results by the screening tests was carried out by Western blot. The prevalence of HIV seropositivity was 4% (8 women). Specific treponemal antibodies were found in 50% (90/181) of the prostitutes as judged by Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) and/or fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABSIgG) test. As estimated by the positivity of any or both non-treponemal tests (VDRL and RPR), a total of 31 (17%) out of the 181 women had active syphilis. A good correlation was found between the results obtained by TPHA and FTA-ABSIgG. IgM antibodies were found in 72% of sera positive by TPHA and/or FTA-ABSIgG. Four out of the 181 women were found to have antibodies to both HIV and Treponema pallidum.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion during a 6-month follow-up of female prostitutes in Mogadishu, Somalia.

A total of 155 prostitutes inhabiting 4 different districts in Mogadishu, Somalia, were enrolled in a 6 month prospective study of syphilis and HIV infection. Blood samples were taken on entry, at 3 months and at 6 months. Differences were seen between the prostitutes in the 4 districts regarding possible risk factors for the acquisition of STDs. Initially 107 (69%) were found to have syphilis serum markers and 47% had active syphilis as judged by positivity in both Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination (TPHA) test and non-treponemal (VDRL and RPR) tests. TPHA positivity was correlated to the number of sexual partners. Sixty-nine prostitutes were followed for 6 months. Two of the 16 initially TPHA negative women seroconverted for syphilis during the follow-up. HIV antibodies were detected in one (0.6%) of the 155 prostitutes at the start of the study and one out of 68 seroconverted during the 6 months follow-up. To control the spread of HIV infection health education targeting the risk groups like prostitutes must be given a high priority.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chlamydia test monitoring during therapy.

Forty-eight women with chlamydial cervicitis were followed with chlamydial culture and antigen tests (immunofluorescence and enzyme immunoassays) during the course of therapy to study the rate of disappearance of viable organisms and chlamydial antigen. On treatment day 2, two-thirds of the patients were positive by one or more of the tests while 81% were negative by all tests on day 4. All screening methods used had turned negative on the 6th day of therapy. The antigens were found to persist somewhat longer than viable organisms. This persistance should, however, be of no clinical significance.

Adolescent↗