Biomedical subjects

L Grinberg

Publications and source records attributed to L Grinberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

Deferiprone (L1) chelates pathologic iron deposits from membranes of intact thalassemic and sickle red blood cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Red blood cell (RBC) membranes from patients with the thalassemic and sickle hemoglobinopathies carry abnormal deposits of iron presumed to mediate a variety of oxidative-induced membrane dysfunctions. We hypothesized that the oral iron chelator deferiprone (L1), which has an enhanced capacity to permeate cell membranes, might be useful in chelating these pathologic iron deposits from intact RBCs. We tested this hypothesis in vitro by incubating L1 with RBCs from 15 patients with thalassemia intermedia and 6 patients with sickle cell anemia. We found that removal of RBC membrane free iron by L1 increased both as a function of time of incubation and L1 concentration. Thus, increasing the time of incubation of thalassemic RBCs with 0.5 mmol/L L1 from 0.5 to 6 hours, enhanced removal of their membrane free iron from 18% +/- 9% to 96% +/- 4%. Dose-response studies showed that incubating thalassemic RBC for 2 hours with L1 concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 0.5 mmol/L resulted in removal of membrane free iron from 28% +/- 15% to 68% +/- 11%. Parallel studies with sickle RBCs showed a similar pattern in time and dose responses. Deferoxamine (DFO), on the other hand, was ineffective in chelating membrane free iron from either thalassemic or sickle RBCs regardless of dose (maximum, 0.333 mmol/L) or time of incubation (maximum, 24 hours). In vivo efficacy of L1 was shown in six thalassemic patients whose RBC membrane free iron decreased by 50% +/- 29% following a 2-week course of L1 at a daily dose of 25 mg/kg. As the dose of L1 was increased to 50 mg/kg/d (n = 5), and then to 75 mg/kg/d (n = 4), 67% +/- 14% and 79% +/- 11%, respectively, of their RBC membrane free iron was removed. L1 therapy--both in vitro and in vivo--also significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde response of thalassemic RBC membranes to in vitro stimulation with peroxide. Remarkably, the heme content of RBC membranes from L1-treated thalassemic patients decreased by 28% +/- 10% during the 3-month study period. These results indicate that L1 can remove pathologic deposits of chelatable iron from thalassemic and sickle RBC membranes, a therapeutic potential not shared by DFO. Furthermore, membrane defects possibly mediated by catalytic iron, such as lipid peroxidation and hemichrome formation, may also be alleviated, at least in part, by L1.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗

PubMed1987

Dreams and acting out.

Dreams can be used as containers that free patients from increased tension. This may be the principal function of certain types of dreams, called "evacuative dreams." They are dreams used for getting rid of unbearable affects and unconscious fantasies, or as a safety valve for partial discharge of instinctual drives. These dreams are observed primarily in borderline and psychotic patients, but can also be seen in the regressive states of neurotic patients during weekends and other periods of separation. Such dreams have to be differentiated from "elaborative dreams," which have a working-through function and stand in an inverse relationship to acting out: the greater the production of elaborative dreams, the less the tendency to act out, and vice versa.

Acting Out↗

PubMed1984

A psychoanalytic study of migration: its normal and pathological aspects.

Without maintaining that it always follows the same steps, we could say that the migratory process passes through several phases. The feelings that prevail are those of intense sorrow for all that has been abandoned or lost, fear of the unknown, and the very profound experiences of loneliness, privation, and helplessness. Paranoid, confusional, and depressive anxieties occupy the scene in turn. This stage may be followed or replaced by a manic state in which the immigrant minimizes the transcendental significance of the change in his life or, on the contrary, magnifies the advantages of the change and overvalues everything in the new situation, disdaining what has been lost. After a variable period of time, nostalgia appears, and sorrow for the lost world. The immigrant begins to recognize feelings previously dissociated or denied and becomes capable of "suffering" his pain ("growing pains") while, at the same time, he becomes more accessible to the slow and progressive incorporation of elements of the new culture. The interaction between his internal and external world becomes more fluid. Recovery of the pleasure of thinking and desiring and of the capacity for making plans for the future, in which the past is regarded as such and not as a "lost paradise" where one constantly longs to return. In this period, it could be considered that mourning for the country of origin has been worked through to the maximum extent possible, facilitating integration of the previous culture into the new culture, without the need to renounce the old. All of this promotes an enrichment of the ego and the consolidation of a more evolved sense of identity.

Acculturation↗

PubMed1984

A simple and advantageous system for continuous lavage of the maxillary sinus.

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Catheters, Indwelling↗

PubMed1984

The influence of Cervantes on the future creator of psychoanalysis.

Our work is intended to recreate the origins of the 'future creator of psychoanalysis'. Cervantes had a decisive influence on Freud. Don Quixote occupied a central place during a period which we consider to be crucial in the creation of psychoanalysis; we refer to the summer of 1883 during which Freud confessed to Martha that he had become more interested in this book than in brain anatomy. In this work, Cervantes delves in-depth into problems which he had set out in The Colloquy of the Dogs, read by Freud in his adolescence when he was learning Spanish and which confronted some of the great psychoanalytic themes such as reality-fantasy, language, instinct and reason, traumatic situations, 'family romance', etc. These themes appear in a psychoanalytically structured dialogue in which one of the dogs, Berganza, tells his life story (in the form of catharsis) to the other dog, Cipión, with whom Freud identified himself. Basically, it is the psychotherapeutic model that Freud used with his own hysterical patients. Another dialogue which was essential for Freud was that of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, due to the following major reasons (as well as others): For the clear discrimination between reality and fantasy as well as their interplay. Because madness is presented as a complex phenomenon, but intelligible in terms of human motives. For the penetrating description of the transition in Don Quixote from mania to depression. Because at that moment of his life, Freud himself was living through a personal conflict between his dreams of carrying out some scientific feat and the demands of attending to his mundane necessities.

Austria↗

PubMed1983

[Oxidative damage of mice erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei].

By using the model of infection with plasmodium berghei in white mice the attempt was made to explain the oxidative damages of red blood cells as a cause for haemolysis. In addition to a diminished new formation of erythrocytes there was an increased cell lysis under the impact of infection. Without any changes of the Met-Hb-percentage and of Heinz bodies an increase of GSH and GSSG could be measured. The conclusion was drawn that a damage of red blood cells caused by oxidation may occur by changing the relation of reduced tripeptides to oxidised ones.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

The closing phase of the psychoanalytic treatment of adults and the goals of psychoanalysis 'The search for truth about one's self'.

The purpose of this paper is to pose doubts and queries about the nature and objectives regarding our work. I am not contributing specific replies to these questions, but rather some ideas so that we may rethink what we are doing and why we are doing it. In the first place, I state the doubts which I have regarding the classical criteria and goals as being the expression of the essence of psychoanalysis. Perhaps we do not realize that we 'saturate' the development of the psychoanalytic relationship with the aprioristic idea of 'leading' our patients to achieve the therapeutic goals we have already fixed for them from the very beginning. We should question if these 'therapeutic objectives' correspond to what should be our 'psychoanalytic point of view', with its search for the truth about oneself regarding our goals. Psychoanalysis is a science with specific and singular characteristics which should not be confused or, indeed equated with medical science or any other natural science. In the second place, I would like to draw attention to the fact that when considering these criteria, the accent has been almost exclusively put on the personality of the analysand. I believe that it is important to take into account also that which concerns the personality of the analyst with his neurotic and/or psychotic remnant and the role which his counter-transference or his projective counter-identification plays and which can disturb his creative work. But I wish to stress, especially, the importance contained in the analyst-analysand interaction in order to understand better the vicissitudes of all which happens in the closing phase of analysis. The achievement of insight is one of the most important goals of psychoanalysis. The concept of insight is related to that knowledge which stems from the experiences of deep change and mental growth helping the patient to get near to 'being his own truth', with the need to accept the corresponding responsibility. It is important to differentiate this authentic insight, so close to the getting near to the truth, from all other types of intellectual knowledge or 'pseudo-insight' which tend towards the opposite, that is, the avoidance of the truth. Finally, I discuss the disadvantages caused, in my opinion, from bearing in mind too much the idea of 'termination' during the carrying out of our task within the analytic situation in the closing phase of analysis. The predominance of the aprioristic thought that the analysis is 'on the point of' or 'should' end would obstruct the ability to detect what is authentically new in the material and what is most feared by the patient, such as getting closer to the search for truth about himself.

Deception↗

PubMed1979