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Biomedical subjects

L Guyot

Publications and source records attributed to L Guyot.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Antibiotherapy in biliary surgery. Current status].

Without antibiotherapy, biliary surgery is often followed by infectious complications, possibly serious, indeed life-threatening. Biliary bacteria do are responsible of these complications; mainly E. Coli, Streptococcus faecalis (whose pathogenicity is disputed) and Klebsiella. Bacteroides fragilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are restricted to special circumstances. It is often difficult to presee whether bile is infected: some risk factors were emerged by Keighley but their specificity is not excellent; peroperative Gram staining got various results according to the studies. Some prefer to give a systematic antibiotherapy. Preoperative antibiotic treatment should be as short as possible because it does not sterilize bile, but selects resistant bacteria, which induce postoperative complications. It must mainly be aimed at preventing infectious scattering. Surgery is the main part of the treatment. Antibiotic choice has to take into account clinical picture, bacteria (those probably responsible for and their sensibility) and goal of the treatment (prophylactic or curative). Analysis of failures should allow to improve this choice. But only multicenter studies concerning full selected populations of patients are able to prove superiority of one antibiotic to another.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

[Prophylactic antibiotherapy in biliary surgery, cefazolin versus cefoperazone. Randomized comparative open study in a population at risk for infection].

Sixty patients having to undergo a biliary operation with high risk of infection (Keighley's criterions) received at random either cefazolin (CFZ) or cefoperazone (CFP) as a prophylactic antibiotherapy. Postoperative courses were fairly normal: a peak of temperature on day 5 for one case and a digestive bleeding due to hypoprothrombinemia for another case. No further complication occurred. Patient discharge was two days shorter with cefoperazone and biliary positive cultures were in favour of cefoperazone (21% with CFZ, 11% with CFP) but without statistically significant level. Consequently, this trial should be carried out on a larger scale.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anxiety and food intake in men.

The effects of acute anxiety on food intake and preferences were investigated in 12 men awaiting surgery for hernia. Their lunch intake was measured on the day prior to surgery and again after recovery, one month later. Their anxiety was rated on both test days as well as the palatability of the foods they selected and ingested ad libitum. Anxiety was significantly higher on the day before surgery than on control day. However, no hyperphagia appeared and food selection was not systematically disturbed. Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate ratios in the test meals were not affected by the level of stress. The present results are at variance with some, but not all, studies of food intake under stress in animals and humans. Among other factors (nature of stressor, intensity of anxiety, sex of the subjects), culturally determined eating habits could contribute to the discrepancies observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of surgical biliary pathology on the diffusion of ceftriaxone in the biliary tract].

Ceftriaxone is a third generation cephalosporin remarkable for its wide distribution in the biliary tract. The purpose of this study was to determine whether biliary tract pathology, as observed during surgery, had an influence on this distribution. 52 patients about to be operated upon and presenting with a high risk of bile infection received a single 1 or 2 g dose of ceftriaxone administered intravenously over 20 min during the hour that preceded surgery. Samples of blood and of bile from the gallbladder (GB) and the common bile duct (CBD), as well as specimens of the GB wall were taken during the operation. In patients whose GB was normal at laparotomy (apart from stones) ceftriaxone concentrations in bile and GB wall were 10-25 and 2 times respectively higher than in plasma. In patients with a grossly distended but not infected GB (hydrocholecystis) ceftriaxone levels were high in CBD bile but null in GB bile and only one-quarter to one-half of plasma levels in GB wall. In patients with stones in the CBD or inflamed GB wall ceftriaxone levels were high in bile (although lower than in cases with normal GB) and similar to plasma levels in GB wall. When malignant pancreatic lesions were present ceftriaxone concentrations could not be measured in both GB and CBD bile but reached 50% of plasma concentrations in GB wall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗