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Biomedical subjects

L Hammer

Publications and source records attributed to L Hammer.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Hospital diversification: evaluating alternatives.

The appropriateness of diversification as a growth strategy for hospitals is discussed, and planning for diversification is described. Because new forms of health-care delivery are now in direct competition with hospitals, many hospitals are confronting environmental pressures and preparing for future survival through diversification. To explore the potential risks and benefits of diversification, the hospital must identify opportunities for new business ventures. Diversification can be "related," through an expansion of the primary product line (health care), or "unrelated," into areas not directly associated with health care. The hospital must establish specific criteria for evaluating each diversification alternative, and the two or three most attractive options should be analyzed further through a financial feasibility study. The hospital should also seek legal advice to determine the implications of diversification for maintenance of tax status, antitrust limitations, and applicability of certificate of need. Although diversification may not be appropriate for every institution, hospitals should consider it as a strategy for increasing their revenue base, confronting environmental pressures, and securing future survival.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1986

The child's conception of food: differentiation of categories of rejected substances in the 16 months to 5 year age range.

Children (N = 54) ranging in age from one year four months to five years were offered over 30 items to eat. The items included normal adult foods and exemplars of different adult rejection categories: disgust (e.g. grasshopper, hair), danger (liquid dish soap), inappropriate (e.g. paper, leaf) and unacceptable combinations (e.g. ketchup and cookie). We report a high to moderate level of acceptance (item put into mouth) of substances from all of these categories in the youngest children. Acceptance of disgusting and dangerous substances decreases with increasing age, while acceptance of inappropriate substances remains at moderate levels across the age range studied. Although the youngest children accepted more disgust items, the majority rejected most of the disgust choices. Almost all children at all ages tested accept combinations of foods which, although individually accepted by adults, are rejected in combination. No significant differences were observed between 'normal' children and those with a history of toxin ingestion, although there was a tendency of ingesters to accept more inedible items. In general, the results suggest that a major feature of the development of food selection is learning what not to eat.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The development of auditory figure-ground discrimination and ear asymmetry under nonaural stimulus presentation.

The development of auditory word discrimination ability in normal male children has been investigated. 56 school-children (14 from kindergarten and 14 each from second, fourth and sixth grades) were asked to discriminate 50 single-syllable words presented against four levels of background noise (0, +10, +20, and +30). Age, noise level, and ear were all significantly related to auditory word discrimination scores. The results of the study show that with increasing age there is increased ability to discriminate words in the presence of noise. However, although the older the child the greater his ability to discriminate, a far greater effect than age on discrimination is the signal-to-noise treatment level, a finding which suggests that knowledge of the treatment condition may be a better predictor of auditory discrimination scores than a child's age. An additional finding was a general right-ear superiority in the presence of noise, most consistently found under the 0 signal/noise condition for children in kindergarten and in second and fourth grades.

Acoustic Stimulation↗