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Biomedical subjects

L Haney

Publications and source records attributed to L Haney.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Superiority of an intranasal corticosteroid compared with an oral antihistamine in the as-needed treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

BACKGROUND: The daily use of either intranasal corticosteroids or histamine(1) (H(1)) receptor antagonists has proved to be efficacious in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Most patients, however, use these medications as needed. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of as-needed use of H(1) receptor antagonists with that of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. METHODS: We performed a randomized, open-label, parallel-group study comparing the as-needed use of an H(1) receptor antagonist (loratadine) with that of an intranasal corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate) in the management of fall seasonal allergic rhinitis in the fall of 1999. Subjects kept a diary of their daily symptoms and were examined at enrollment into the study and biweekly for 4 weeks during treatment. Outcome measures were the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire score, daily symptom diary scores, and the number of eosinophils and the levels of eosinophilic cationic protein in nasal lavage samples. RESULTS: Patients in the fluticasone-treated group reported significantly better scores in the activity, sleep, practical, nasal, and overall domains (P<.05) of the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire. The median total symptom score in the fluticasone-treated group was significantly lower than that in the loratadine-treated group (4.0 vs 7.0; P<.01). After treatment, the number of eosinophils was significantly smaller in the fluticasone-treated group compared with the loratadine-treated group (P =.001). Eosinophilic cationic protein levels followed the same pattern, with a significant correlation between the levels of eosinophilic cationic protein and the number of eosinophils (r(s) = 0.70, P<.01). CONCLUSION: As-needed intranasal corticosteroids reduce allergic inflammation and are more effective than as-needed H(1) receptor antagonists in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2001

Absence of nasal mucosal atrophy with fluticasone aqueous nasal spray.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether 1 year of continuous treatment with intranasal fluticasone propionate would lead to atrophy in the nasal mucosa compared with an active control, oral terfenadine. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel-group study. SETTING: Two tertiary care academic institutions. PATIENTS: Seventy-five subjects older than 18 years with perennial allergic rhinitis. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received either fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray, 200 microg once daily, or terfenadine, 60 mg twice daily, for 1 year. Nasal biopsy specimens were obtained before and after 1 year of treatment and were evaluated for evidence of atrophy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Epithelial and collagen layer thickness of the nasal mucosa as assessed by light microscopy and the presence and degree of edema, and regularity of collagen fibrils as assessed by electron microscopy. Analyses were performed without knowledge of subject identity or treatment assignment. RESULTS: Neither fluticasone nor terfenadine treatment led to atrophy in the nasal mucosa by clinical or histologic observation. No significant changes from baseline were observed for any assessment of atrophy. In contrast to what would have been expected if atrophy were to occur, mean epithelial layer thickness in the fluticasone group significantly increased compared with terfenadine treatment (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with intranasal fluticasone for 1 year increases the thickness of the nasal epithelium as compared with a year's treatment with terfenadine and does not lead to atrophy in the nasal mucosa. The increased thickness in the fluticasone treatment may represent repair from epithelial damage caused by chronic allergic inflammation.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2001

Allergic inflammation enhances bacterial sinusitis in mice.

BACKGROUND: Although it is not proven, one factor considered important in the development of sinusitis is allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether ongoing allergic rhinitis enhances the infection and inflammation associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae acute sinus infection. METHODS: BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin by intraperitoneal injection. After infection of the sinuses by S pneumoniae, either with or without concomitant administration of ovalbumin to induce allergic inflammation, mice were killed at various times and their heads were prepared for histologic evaluation of the sinuses. RESULTS: Mice became allergic to ovalbumin and developed eosinophilia in the sinus and lung cavities in response to ovalbumin administration to each of the respective cavities. In comparison with controls, the mice with ongoing nasal allergic inflammation that were inoculated with S pneumoniae had significantly more bacteria recovered at sacrifice and had significantly more inflammation, as indicated by neutrophil, eosinophil, and mononuclear influx into the sinus mucosa. The percentage of the sinus area occupied by neutrophil clusters was also increased after infection in the allergic mice in comparison with the control mice. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that mice can be sensitized to ovalbumin and develop a localized allergic reaction in the skin, nose, or lung. An ongoing local allergic response augments bacterial infection in these animals. We also demonstrate that allergic sensitization alone, allergen exposure alone, or an allergic response at a distal site, the lung, does not augment the sinus infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Cultivating effectiveness in your organization.

To be truly effective, the occupational and environmental health nurse must possess skills as both a manager and a leader. Effective management results in programs and projects that are likely to be successful, achieve established goals, and meet expectations of the intended recipients. Effective leadership results in individuals who feel valued for their opinions, empowered to act independently, and accountable for setting and achieving personal goals. When these individuals come together to form teams, they create an organization in which the group benefits from the commitment and mutual desire to work toward a shared mission and vision. The nursing process provides an excellent framework for the occupational and environmental health nurse to approach the tasks associated with leading and managing in a rapidly changing, challenging environment. Techniques to be employed are those acquired in formal management training programs and those passed down from experienced mentors. It is incumbent on all occupational and environmental health nurse managers to perfect and use leadership and management skills to positively contribute to organizational effectiveness and, ultimately, employee health and well being.

Communication↗
PubMed2000

As-needed use of fluticasone propionate nasal spray reduces symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

BACKGROUND: The daily use of intranasal corticosteroids is approved for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to test the effectiveness of as-needed use of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group study of the as-needed usage of fluticasone propionate nasal spray in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis was performed. Outcome measures were symptom score, Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), and the number of eosinophils and the level of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) in nasal lavage. RESULTS: Twenty-six subjects in each group completed the 4-week study. The median symptom score over the duration of the study in the placebo group was 8.5 versus 4.5 in the active group. The active group had significant improvement on the interim visit in the sleep, non-nose/eye, activities, nasal, practical, and overall domains (P <.05) of the RQLQ and on the final visit in the nasal symptom domain. The number of eosinophils was significantly lower in the active than in the placebo group at the final visit. Changes in ECP were not significant. CONCLUSION: As-needed fluticasone propionate nasal spray is efficacious in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of the response to histamine challenge of the nose and the maxillary sinus: effect of loratadine.

To study the response of the maxillary sinus to histamine provocation, we performed a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial during which nonallergic subjects without symptoms of rhinitis (n = 25) received either 10 mg loratadine or placebo once daily for a week and then underwent nasal challenge with histamine (3, 10, and 30 mg/ml) followed, 24 h later, by a maxillary sinus challenge while still receiving the medication. Nasal challenge with histamine led to significant increases in vascular permeability, reflex nasal secretions, sneezing, and other nasal symptoms. Sinus challenge resulted in significant increases in vascular permeability within the sinus cavity (P < 0.01) and some nasal symptoms but no significant change in reflex nasal secretions. The response of the sinus mucosa to histamine was lower in magnitude than that of the nose. Treatment with loratadine resulted in a significant inhibition of the histamine-induced changes in both nasal and sinus cavities. Our data suggest the lack of a sinonasal reflex response to histamine provocation of the maxillary sinus of nonallergic individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Male genitourinary cancer sexuality questionnaire.

In recent years the focus of cancer nursing care has expanded to include not only survival issues, but also quality of life. Sexuality is a significant aspect of quality of life. The purposes of this study were to describe patient-identified sexuality information needs, and the preferred method and setting for receiving this information. The results provide nurses with a baseline to structure teaching sessions to best meet the needs of this population. In recent years the focus of cancer nursing care has expanded to include not only survival issues, but also quality of life. Sexuality is a significant aspect of quality of life acknowledged by the American Nurses Association and the Oncology Nursing Society (1979) as a designated aspect of nursing care since 1979. Fonesca describes sexuality as the quality of being human (Hughes, 1996). As an expression of one's self physically, socially, and psychologically, sexuality involves more than sexual activity. It is communicated in ways that include bodily movements, interactions with others in everyday encounters, and expressions of the deepest feelings of love (Fonesca, 1970). Sexuality also includes one's intimate feelings of individuality and the need for emotional closeness with another person.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Behavior based safety. A different way of looking at an old problem.

1. The occupational and environmental health nurse role in behavioral safety initiatives can very to include: serving as a leader, change agent, collaborator with safety professionals, consultant, team participant, educator, coach, and supporter to employees and management. 2. Behavior based safety and health initiatives add to existing knowledge and techniques for improving the health and safety of workers. 3. Behavior based safety relies on employee involvement and places a strong emphasis on observation, measurement, feedback, positive reinforcement, and evaluation. It focuses on identification of system improvements and prevention.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1995

Effects of mast cell-macrophage interactions on the production of collagenolytic enzymes by metastatic tumor cells and tumor-derived and stromal fibroblasts.

Histological examination of the metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma line MTLn3 showed that macrophages and mast cells were frequently localized at the tumor periphery in the stromal tissues adjacent to the zones of tumor invasion. The interactions of these host cells with tumor cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts could be important in stimulating the production of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes that facilitate tumor invasion and metastatic spread. Therefore, we examined the effects of isolated, activated macrophages and mast cells on the secretion of collagenolytic activities by normal fibroblasts, metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts. Medium from activated macrophages or degranulated mast cells stimulated significant increases in production of collagenolytic activities by normal and tumor-associated fibroblasts and MTLn3 tumor cells. Medium from activated macrophages that had been pretreated with medium from degranulated mast cells, however, were less stimulatory to fibroblasts and tumor cell production of collagenolytic activities than medium from degranulated mast cells alone. We also examined the effects of two cytokines, interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on activated macrophage- and degranulated mast cell-stimulation of fibroblast and tumor cell collagenolytic activities. The two cytokines alone or in combination stimulated increased production of collagenolytic activities by fibroblasts and tumor cells. Addition of the cytokines to degranulated mast cell products resulted in secretion of higher collagenolytic enzyme activities by normal fibroblasts (but not by tumor-derived fibroblasts or tumor cells) than with degranulated mast cell product-treatment of either target cell alone. Cytokines used in combination with macrophage-conditioned medium were less effective in stimulating fibroblast and tumor cell collagenase activities than cytokines alone. Thus normal infiltrating host cells such as macrophages and mast cells can have profound effects on the production of degradative enzymes by tumor cells and tumor-associated stromal fibroblasts.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Testicular cancer.

Although testicular cancer accounts for approximately 1% of all male malignancies, it has a significant impact on the social, economic, and emotional status of the young population in which it occurs. TSE is the best available tool for early detection of testicular cancer. Only 15 to 20 years ago, testicular cancer was often fatal because of the rapidity of metastasis to the lungs and other vital organs. Because of progress in surgical technique and chemotherapy, it is today one of the most curable cancers. The use of serum markers and early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance in the management of testicular cancer.

Germinoma↗
PubMed1991

Mast cell modulation of tumour cell proliferation in rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762NF.

Mast cells were shown to accumulate around the periphery of the invasive and metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma (MTLn3), and histological evidence of mast cell degranulation was observed during the later stages of this model. To assess the physiological role of mast cells in vivo we have used the mast cell-stabilising compound FPL 55618 applied i.p. daily at 1 mg kg-1 for 23 days. Using groups of 12 rats we have found that this compound inhibited tumour growth at the primary site by as much as 70% in most of the treated animals compared with the control group which received equivalent volumes of saline. When the drug treatment was stopped after 23 days, tumour growth of the test group accelerated over the next 7 days and reached a similar tumour size to that of control animals. Histological studies of the tumour and contiguous host tissue at day 24 of the experiment revealed numerous extra-tumoural mast cells often showing signs of degranulation at several sites around the tumour periphery in the control animals. Such observations were not seen in those animals receiving FPL 55618 where, in contrast to controls, numerous intact mast cells were often seen within the tumour mass. Following cessation of the MC-stabilising treatment progressive mast cell activation was evident within 2-4 days, primarily at the tumour periphery. In vitro studies have shown that drug concentrations equivalent to five times the in vivo dose had no effect on the proliferative rate or viability of the MTLn3 cells. Moreover, the proliferative rate of these cells in culture was significantly increased when exposed to soluble mast cell products. Thus our data indicate that a mast cell-stabilising compound has significant benefits in reducing tumour growth in vivo, an observation which supports the concept that mast cell:tumour cell interactions are important for the growth and invasive properties demonstrated by this model of breast carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Macrophage and lymphocyte potentiation of syngeneic tumor cell and host fibroblast collagenolytic activity in rats.

The collagenolytic responses of normal rat skin fibroblasts (NRS-F) and rat mammary MTLn3 tumor-derived fibroblasts (Ln3-F) were examined following exposure to rat macrophage (M phi-CM)- and lymphocyte (LYM-CM)-conditioned culture medium and/or tumor cell-conditioned medium. Alveolar, intratumoral, and peritoneal macrophages were prepared from mammary adenocarcinoma-bearing rats, as were the peritoneal lymphocytes. Incubation of the two fibroblast populations with LYM-CM produced a 10- and 7-fold stimulation of collagenolytic activity by NRS-F and Ln3-F cells, respectively. Similarly, exposure of NRS-F and Ln3-F fibroblasts to peritoneal M phi-CM produced a 7- and 4-fold increase in the expression of collagenolytic activity, respectively. Conditioned medium from MTLn2 tumor cells also stimulated the collagenolytic expression of both fibroblast populations. Incubation of tumor-associated Ln3-F or NRS-F fibroblasts with MTLn2 tumor cell-conditioned medium enhanced fibroblast collagenolytic activity approximately 20 and 17 times, respectively. When M phi-CM and LYM-CM were further "conditioned" by a subsequent incubation with MTLn2 tumor cells, each stimulated the expression of collagenolytic activity by both fibroblast populations and this was especially pronounced (120-fold increase) in the response of Ln3-F to LYM-CM further conditioned by MTLn2 tumor cells. The conditioned media derived from M phi, LYM, and MTLn2 tumor cells with or without trypsin activation contained low levels of interstitial-type collagenolytic activity which made no significant contribution to the collagenolytic activity of the stimulated fibroblasts. Some collagenase inhibitory activity, however, was detected in the M phi-CM, suggesting that the actual stimulation of collagenolysis by host fibroblasts is underestimated. We conclude that macrophages, lymphocytes, and tumor cells all have the potential to produce stimulatory factor(s) which enhance the collagenolytic activity of normal fibroblast populations. This study provides further evidence of the multifactorial control of collagenase production and supports the concept that host cell-tumor cell interactions can enhance the expression of collagenolytic enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Heterogeneity of fibroblast response in host-tumor cell-cell interactions in metastatic tumors.

The spread and invasion of tumor cells into host tissues are associated with the release of elevated levels of collagenolytic activity of both host and tumor cell origins. However, the mechanisms of regulation of the enzyme activity is still unresolved. Histological examination of human and animal tumors revealed morphological changes in stromal fibroblasts and mast cells at the tumor periphery. Numerous mast cells appeared at microfoci along the tumor: host tissue junction and mast cell degranulation were associated with collagenolysis. In vitro studies, using rat mammary adenocarcinoma and human lung adenocarcinoma cells, showed that both tumor cells and host fibroblasts participate in matrix degradation. Tumor-associated stromal fibroblasts released higher levels of enzyme activity than normal fibroblasts and were more responsive to stimulation by tumor-conditioned media and soluble mast cell products. Host fibroblasts appear to be heterogeneous populations of responsive and nonresponsive subpopulations based on their response to tumor- or mast-cell-mediated stimulation of collagenase release. Fibroblast subpopulations were obtained by density fractionation of serum-deprived, synchronized confluent fibroblasts on discontinuous Percoll gradient. Density-fractionated fibroblast subpopulations differed in their response to stimulation by mast cell products and tumor-cell-conditioned media. The stimulatory activity of tumor-cell-conditioned media also varied as a function of the metastatic potential of the tumor cells. The data suggest that cellular interactions between tumor cells and select subpopulations of host fibroblasts at the tumor periphery play a key role in host tissue degradation. However, heterogeneity of stromal fibroblasts may determine the site and extent of the tissue damage at foci of tumor invasion.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Mast cells and matrix degradation at sites of tumour invasion in rat mammary adenocarcinoma.

Significant numbers of mast cells have been demonstrated histologically around the periphery of the invasive rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13672NF. The number of mast cells at microfoci along the tumour:host tissue junction was significantly greater than that found in normal mammary tissues, and few mast cells were detected within the tumour itself. Mast cell degranulation, often associated with disruption and lysis of the connective tissue matrix, was a common feature in later stages of tumour proliferation. When soluble products derived from purified rat peritoneal mast cells were added to monolayer cultures of rat stromal fibroblasts or tumour cells they stimulated a significant increase in total collagenase production, and the mast cell products were also capable of activating the latent collagenases thus produced. Histological examination indicated that degradation of local collagenous matrix was a common feature of mast cell degranulation, an observation possibly explained by the release of mast cell enzymes and/or the potential of this cell to modulate the expression of collagenolytic activity by surrounding cells. These observations suggest that, at least in some tumours, mast cells contribute to the connective tissue breakdown commonly associated with tumour invasiveness and metastatic spread.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Collagenase activity in rabbit carcinoma: cell source and cell interactions.

Fibroblast-like cells (F-cells) and epithelial-like (E-cells) derived from cultures of rabbit VX-2 carcinoma released collagenase in both active and latent forms in serum-free medium at a level higher than that of normal rabbit fibroblast cultures. The enhanced capacity of the F-cells to release the enzyme, however, continued only for a few passages and then decreased significantly to a low level similar to that of the normal fibroblasts. The enzyme-release by the E-cells continued for a few more passages at a relatively moderate level, higher than that of normal fibroblasts. The release of collagenase in cultures of F-cells was enhanced by the presence of E-cells in mixed cultures as well as by medium conditioned by the E-cells type. Addition of cytochalasin B at 2 micrograms/ml did not significantly effect the enzyme activity released in the cultures. Serum from tumor-bearing rabbits appeared to stimulate the release of enzyme activity in cultures of either cell type.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Separation of VX-2 rabbit carcinoma-derived cells capable of releasing collagenase.

Primary and secondary cultures of VX-2 carcinoma produced high levels of collagenase activity in both active and latent forms in serum-free media. These cultures appeared morphologically heterogeneous in phase-contrast microscopy and revealed the presence of mainly three distinct forms: epithelial-like cells (E cells), fibroblast-like cells (F cells), and large rounded-flat cells which may represent a subclass of the F cells. Cell separation techniques such as brief dispase treatment, Percoll gradient centrifugation, thimerosal treatment, and rabbit serum were used to obtain predominantly one form or the other. The E cells never formed a monolayer but rather grew as limited size clusters of intimately associated cells with large nuclei and often appeared multinucleated. These cells were difficult to maintain in culture or serially passed more than a few times. The F cells, rare in early cultures but having the highest growth potential, appeared in various morphological forms ranging from spindle- to stellate-shaped cells. The cells in their third passage were capable of producing palpable tumors, similar in light and electron microscopic studies to the original tumor from which they were derived, when injected intramuscularly into recipient rabbits and produced specific collagenase activity in active and latent forms in serum-free media. Ultrastructural studies suggested that the E cells were of epithelial origin whereas the F cells were similar to stromal fibroblasts. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated that almost all of the E cells showed both numerical and structural chromosomal changes in a modal number of 54 chromosomes. On the other hand, the major cell population of the F cells resembled normal rabbit fibroblasts; both contained a normal diploid (2n = 44). However, few cells (4-6%) in the F-cell population were hyperdiploid with a modal chromosome number of 54. These cells may represent inadvertent contaminating E cells and account for the apparent limited turmorigenicity observed in early F-cell cultures. The data suggested that the E cells were of tumor origin whereas the majority of the F-cell population appeared to be of host origin. Furthermore, it is suggested that the E cells stimulate tumor-associated stromal cells to produce elevated levels of collagenolytic activity and contribute to collagen degradation during tumor invasion.

Animals↗