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Biomedical subjects

L Haugli

Publications and source records attributed to L Haugli.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

From pain to self-awareness--a qualitative analysis of the significance of group participation for persons with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

The experiences of persons with chronic musculoskeletal pain who participated in a twelve-session process and experience-oriented learning programme were analysed with qualitative methods. The programme was based on a phenomenological frame of understanding where the individual's experience of her/his situation was essential. The educational approach was inspired by personal construct theory that calls attention to the human being's capacity to redefine and reconstruct the meanings of any situation and symptom. Certain qualities and values were embedded in the group programme: A context that emphasised an understanding of the body 'as a talking subject' rather than focusing on pain and diagnoses; the wholeness of participants' situation rather than viewing chronic muscular pain as either physical or psychological: activity, participation and operating within the participants' everyday language and ways of expressing themselves; respecting, seeing, listening and trusting the group participants; focusing on each participant's and the whole group's resources, potentials and possibilities; challenging the participants to evoke their inner authority and internal validation instead of surrendering authority on their pain to the health personnel. Self-reports shortly after, and a year after, participation indicated that participants in the groups had reconstructed some patterns in their lives, both in relation to self and others. They had an increased awareness of self, less pain and more constructive ways of handling pain and life situation.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2001

Learning to have less pain - is it possible? A one-year follow-up study of the effects of a personal construct group learning programme on patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

A randomised controlled study with the objective to explore the effects of a group learning programme based on a phenomenological epistemology and personal construct theory. Main outcome measures were: experienced pain, pain coping strategies, absenteeism, disability pension and health care consumption. One hundred and twenty-one patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and high absenteeism were included in this study. The intervention group (n=77) consisted of nine smaller groups with 6-10 persons in each and were counselled by health personnel with special training. The control group consisted of 44 persons. The learning programme emphasised awareness, possible relations between bodily symptoms, emotions, mind and life situation, and change of focus from pain and disability to resources and potentials. One year after the end of the learning programme (T3), patients in the intervention group reported significant pain reduction, increased pain-coping abilities and a higher reduction of health care consumption than the control group (P<0.05). Absenteeism was not significantly reduced compared to the control group, but there were fewer persons receiving disability pension in the intervention group at T3 (38 versus 59%) (P<0.05). This group-learning programme should be considered an important adjunct to the therapy of patients with chronic muscular pain.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2000

The body has a history: an educational intervention programme for people with generalised chronic musculoskeletal pain.

A phenomenological stand, where the situation is understood explicitly from the subjective experience of the person as opposed to the Cartesian dualistic paradigm regarding the body as a material object, was the fundament for an educational programme for people with generalised chronic musculoskeletal pain. In a randomised controlled study these came out significantly better than the control group with respect to pain and pain coping, taking care of themselves, life satisfaction and health care consumption. Through participation in the group, persons with chronic pain were invited to identify their body from the first person perspective, and possibly become aware of the experienced-based knowledge embedded in their bodies. Possibilities were created for construction of new meanings of embodied life experiences. A philosophy of teaching, where participation and activity are central elements, is presented and elaborated. The theoretical rationale and different educational methods used in the 12 sessions are described. Possible differences between this programme and cognitive therapies are discussed.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2000

Generalised chronic musculoskeletal pain as a rational reaction to a life situation?

While the biomedical model is still the leading paradigm within modern medicine and health care, and people with generalised chronic musculoskeletal pain are frequent users of health care services, their diagnoses are rated as having the lowest prestige among health care personnel. An epistemological framework for understanding relations between body, emotions, mind and meaning is presented. An approach based on a phenomenological epistemology is discussed as a supplement to actions based on the biomedical model. Within the phenomenological frame of understanding, the body is viewed as a subject and carrier of meaning, and therefore chronic pain can be interpreted as a rational reaction to the totality of a person's life situation. Search for possible hidden individual meanings in painful muscles presupposes meeting health personnel who view the person within a holistic frame of reference.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2000

Agency orientation and chronic musculoskeletal pain: effects of a group learning program based on the personal construct theory.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of a group learning program on patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and high absenteeism and investigates what characterizes those patients who may benefit from such a program. The learning program was based on personal construct theory. The theory included the following: (1) participation in an educational program is related to a favorable outcome across the outcome measures (pain, pain coping, management of daily life, absenteeism, and use of health care), (2) patients with high agency orientation (i.e., inner-directed) cope with their pain and manage daily life in a better manner than do patients with low agency orientation (i.e., outer-directed), and (3) patients with high personal control, measured in terms of agency orientation, in terms of health locus of control, or in both terms, will benefit more from the educational program than will patients with low personal control. DESIGN: The study was a randomized controlled study. PATIENTS: One hundred and sixteen patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and high absenteeism answered a questionnaire before and after the intervention program. The intervention group (n = 61) consisted of nine subgroups geographically spread through the eastern part of Norway and met for four hours every 2 weeks from February 1997 to October 1997. A total of 12 meetings were held. RESULTS: The intervention group reported a significantly higher score for the variable "management of everyday life" (p <0.005) and for the variable "health care consumption" (p <0.001) than did the control group. Patients with high agency orientation benefited more from the program with regard to pain reduction and improved pain coping than did those patients with low agency orientation (p <0.05). Patients with high agency orientation also reported less absenteeism than did those patients with low agency orientation (p <0.05).

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1997

[Re-education and new education. Evaluation of a training program for occupational health services' personnel aimed for employees with chronic musculoskeletal pain].

Chronic musculoskeletal pain can be perceived as resulting from lack of control and coping in relation to both internal and external demands. Persons with chronic musculoskeletal pain are repetitive users of the occupational and primary health care services, and it seems that traditional medical treatment and physiotherapy are of little help. Health personnel may gain from learning teaching and counselling methods that might enable them to deal with the complexity of the patient's pain. 23 occupational personnel from different professions we invited to participate in a 150 hour training programme based on experience- and process-oriented teaching and counselling methods. After the training programme the participants counselled groups of employees with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Four left the programme after the first workshop. The remaining group felt more competent in meeting persons with chronic pain. When, in stead of giving traditional advice, they used counselling methods and focused on interaction and communication, and on helping the person in pain to find her/his own solutions, they also experienced a change of role in their relationship with these persons.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Can chronic musculoskeletal pain be reduced by education? Results from an educational test model].

An attempt was made to rehabilitate 67 employees with chronic musculoskeletal pain at 20 different work sites in Norway by means of an educational model. Nine groups were each counselled by two specially trained occupational health personnel. They met for 2-3 hours during working hours at intervals of two to three weeks for one year. Key words in the educational model are: Change of focus from pain and disability to resources and potentials, Higher degree of self-awareness, Development of inner authority. The results indicate that group participation reduces pain and dysfunction and increases everyday coping abilities. In this uncontrolled study 41% had less pain (p = 0.025), 68% coped better with the pain (p < 0.001) and 56% coped better with their everyday life (p < 0.001). Absenteeism was reduced by 28% (p = 0.039) and the need for physiotherapy decreased (p = 0.06).

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1994

Health, sleep, and mood perceptions reported by airline crews flying short and long hauls.

The present study is part of a major questionnaire survey of work environment and health of air crew in the Scandinavian Airline System (SAS) Norway in 1989. The 1240 respondents (response rate 83%) answered 250 questions about health, job-strain, well-being, sleep problems, organization, and communication. The study charts self-reported incidences of health problems focusing on differences between cockpit and cabin crews. The study also evaluates possible effects of transmeridian and short distance flying on health, taking into account gender, job demands, working conditions of the respondents, and aircraft design. Common problems, reported by more than 30%, are dry skin, lower back pain, colds, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. Pilots report least, while female cabin attendants register most problems. Crews flying long distance transmeridian routes report more health problems than short distance personnel. Among pilots, irritability, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and low back pain are the most frequently reported problems. Cabin attendants more often complain of skin and eye disorders, digestive disturbances, and musculoskeletal pains. The study supports earlier findings that transmeridian air travel causes digestive disturbances, fatigue, and sleep disturbances in both cockpit and cabin crews of both genders. Among female cabin attendants, there is a nonsignificant tendency of more menstrual disorders among those flying long hauls.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1992

Fear of flying in civil aviation personnel.

Included in a multi-faceted questionnaire concerning the work environment within a commercial airline were questions on flight anxiety and exposure for critical incidents. A total of 1,147 respondents were included in the sample. Results show that 9.2% of the aircrew members feel anxious or afraid of flying monthly or more often. The cockpit crewmembers were less anxious than the cabin crewmembers, and female cabin crewmembers were more anxious than male. Aircrew who had experienced critical situations and had not sufficiently worked through their experiences, reported more anxiety than those with adequate work-through. We recommend that the cabin crewmembers be provided with better information on how the flight deck operates, and that more stable work crews and co-training of cabin and cockpit crewmembers be facilitated. A formal debriefing routine after critical incidents is advised. Personnel with flight anxiety should be offered help to reduce their fear level.

Aerospace Medicine↗