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Biomedical subjects

L Heger

Publications and source records attributed to L Heger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Invisible Threats, Relentless Hunters: Biosurveillance of Airborne Plant Pathogens.

Airborne dispersal enables plant pathogens to travel across fields, regions, and continents, fueling rapid epidemics and emerging disease threats. Biosurveillance, the systematic monitoring of airborne inoculum, offers the opportunity to detect pathogens before symptoms appear and informs timely, risk-based management. Recent advances in air sampling, molecular diagnostics, metagenomics, and imaging technologies have expanded the scale and resolution of pathogen monitoring, from single-species qPCR assays to community-level aerobiome surveys. Integration of biosurveillance data with decision-support systems, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence is transforming early-warning capabilities and providing novel insights into pathogen ecology, evolution, and fungicide resistance. Yet major challenges remain, including assay standardization, data interpretation, and translation into actionable tools for growers. This review synthesizes current approaches, highlights case studies in which biosurveillance has advanced disease management, and outlines future directions toward coordinated surveillance networks and precision agriculture applications.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1993

[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt].

The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a relatively new method of creating a portosystemic shunt using a needle, angioplasty balloon catheters and expandable metallic stents. During a 6-month period, the authors have performed TIPS, using the spiral Z-stent--another modification of the Gianturco-Rósch stent--in 13 patients with portal hypertension. The procedure was technically successful in all patients. Portal pressure decreased by 6 mmHg in one group of patients with 9-10 mm stents, and by 12 mmHg in another group using 12 mm stents. Control of variceal bleeding or resolution of refractory ascites was evident in 11 of the 13 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrasound anatomy of the liver].

The authors review the modern concept of liver anatomy, related to the needs of surgeons in segmental resections. Important anatomical structures are described participating in division of the liver into four basic segments. The ultrasound anatomy of portal system, hepatic veins, hepatic fissures and liver hilus are dealt with in detail. Criteria for perfect examination of the liver by ultrasound are defined and representability of key anatomical structure under optimal conditions is analyzed in a group of 100 patients. The only non-constantly represented structure was fissura interlobaris (44%). Hepatic veins proved to be the most variable structures (17%). The results show that segmental anatomy of the liver may be very well represented by ultrasound. The authors discuss the importance of perfect knowledge of anatomy for quality examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Melanotic neuroectodermal neurocranial tumor of infancy of extra-intra-and subdural right temporal location: CT examination, surgical treatment, literature review.

A melanotic neuroectodermal neurocranial tumor of infancy of extra-intra-subdural right temporal location, examined by CT and successfully operated in a 33-month-old boy is reported in context with the literature. Out of 30 cases (including our case) of melanotic neuroectodermal neurocranial and intracranial tumors (MNNIT) 18 were located in the neurocranium (MNNT) and 12 intracranially, i.e. in the brain and cerebellum (MNIT). 23 tumors were located medially (11 at the anterior fontanel, one at the posterior fontanel, one in the 3rd ventricle, one in the sella turcica, one in the pineal region, 8 in the cerebellar vermis) and 7 laterally (five involved the temporal bone, one of which with intracranial propagation (our case), one in the temporal lobe of the brain, one in the skull posterior to the mastoid process). Twenty-eight cases were children (16 boys, 8 girls, four not stated), two adults. The location is important in respect to biology and surgery: MNNIT can be grouped as to its relation to the arachnoid barrier layer into malignant and benign. MNIT localised medially subarachnoidally are malignant. MNNT of small dimensions localised medially and laterally extraarachnoidally are benign. MNNT of extreme dimensions localised medially extra-intradurally are also benign, but difficult to treat. In the MNNT when diagnosed early and operated radically, the mortality can be lowered. Our case, presented on CT (1978) as first case of combined extra-intra-subdural location, represents the 173rd MNT and the 18th related to neurocranium.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography of the calcaneus: normal anatomy.

The normal sectional anatomy of the calcaneus was studied as the background for interpretation of computed tomography (CT) of fractures. Multiplanar CT examination of the normal calcaneus was obtained, and sections were matched with a simplified anatomic model. Sectional anatomy in the four most important planes is described. This facilitates three-dimensional understanding of the calcaneus from sections and interpretation of CT sections obtained in any atypical plane.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Computed tomography of calcaneal fractures.

Computed tomography (CT) of 25 fractured calcanei was performed to investigate the potential of CT in evaluating the pattern and biomechanics of these fractures. The characteristic findings of typical fractures are presented, including the number and type of principal fragments, size and dislocation of the sustentacular fragment, and involvement of the anterior and posterior facets of the subtalar joint. In 17 cases, the calcaneus consisted of four or more fragments. Furthermore, in 17 cases the sustentacular fragment included all or part of the posterior facet joint. In 18 of the 25 cases, the sustentacular fragment was displaced. It is concluded that well performed CT is an invaluable adjunct in understanding the fracture mechanism and in detecting pain-provoking impingement between the fibular malleolus and the tuberosity fragment. CT analysis can provide the orthopedic surgeon with comprehensive information on which to base decisions regarding surgical/nonsurgical treatment as well as surgical approach and technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Differential diagnosis of adnexal tumors using computer tomography].

A correct differential diagnosis of pelvic tumors is sophisticated in gynecology. The present effort concerns with introducing of computertomography in our diagnostic facilities. The ultrasound method being of value in detection of early developing ovarian tumors and showing their size as well as the extent of tissue transformation is however unprecise in comparison with CT-method which allows to evaluate the anatomical relations and tissue differences. The latter one allows differentiation of cystic tumor from dermoid cyst as well as from solid tumor. Density measurement scrutinizes with more precision endometriosis, lipomatosis and tubo-ovarial abscesses. The CT-diagnosis has been proving useful especially in differentiation between ovarian and intestinal tumors.

Adnexal Diseases↗
PubMed1983

[The value of ultrasound diagnosis and computed tomography in gynecologic oncology].

The diagnosis of malignant tumors in the region of the female pelvis is very difficult to make so far. The authors present in this paper their first experiences in simultaneous use of ultrasound and computed tomography for detecting malignant uterine and ovarian tumors. Relationship between ultrasound and computed tomography is then evaluated on the basis of own experience. Indications for a CT examination in the pelvic region based on previous ultrasound examination are defined.

Ascites↗