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Biomedical subjects

L Hellström

Publications and source records attributed to L Hellström.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Salmonella infections in Stockholm. A 10-year review.

During the 10-year period 1963-1972 the total number of cases of salmonella infection reported to the Public Health Administration in Stockholm was 3012. The annual incidence varied between 72 (1966) and 23 (1972) per 100000 population. Peak frequencies appeared in the age groups 15-25 and 45-64 years. 101 different serotypes were diagnosed with S. typhi murium being the most common type (37%). 63% of the cases were infected during travel to foreign countries and in 19% food-borne transmission occurred. During the 6-year period 1963-1968 85% of all cases were treated in hospitals. In 1969 a new law governing infectious diseases came into force making it easier to reduce the strict measures imposed by the previous law of 1919. During the 4-year period 1969-1972 53% of the cases were hospitalized. In spite of this reduction no change in the annual pattern of secondary cases has been observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of the acceptability of incontinence aids used by 85-year-old men and women.

An evaluation of the acceptability of incontinence aids was performed in incontinent 85-year-old men and women (n = 355) resident in the city of Göteborg. Incontinence aids were used more often (P < 0.001) by incontinent women (67.9%) than men (42.9%) living in the community, and were used by 86.4% of the incontinent men and 91.5% of the incontinent women living in an institution. Pads were the commonest form of incontinence aid used, irrespective of whether the men (26.6%) and women (67.9%) lived in the community or in an institution (men, 59.1% and women, 86.2%). Urinary leakage and odour as a result of urinary incontinence limited daily life for many men (22.4% and 30.6%, respectively) and women (14.7% and 27.4%, respectively), and meant that 24% of the men and 18% of the women were dependent on another person. At the primary assessment 38.8% of the men and 26.8% of the women living at home were dissatisfied with their present form of incontinence aid. An individual assessment of the patients' requirements regarding incontinence aids was then performed by a urotherapist. Following intervention there was an increase in the number of men (61.2%, P < 0.01) and women (75.3%, P < 0.05) using incontinence aids. There was also an increase (P < 0.01) in the acceptability of the incontinence aids used as judged by the men (dissatisfied: before, 38.8%; after, 14.3%) and women (dissatisfied: before, 26.8%; after, 6.8%) living at home who were already using some form of incontinence aid at the primary assessment.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selecting the correct incontinence pad in nursing home patients by pad weighing.

The aim of this study was to identify which types of absorbent pads were being used by the inhabitants of two nursing home wards and to determine to what extent the pads were adapted to the patient's leakage volume. An objective assessment of urinary leakage was performed in all the men (age 80.2 +/- 8.0 years) and women (age 84.8 +/- 6.5 years), from the two wards, who used incontinent aids (n=41). Subjects were assessed by weighing all incontinence aids on a precision weight scale before and after use during a period of 7 days. The number of patients experiencing wetting of external clothing or bedding was recorded. During the assessment period 1146 pads were used and the mean urinary leakage per patient during the day was 260 +/- 212 ml and during the night 413 +/- 230 ml. Wetting of external clothing or bedding occurred during the day time in 16% and in 40% at night time despite the use of pads. Only 22% of the pads were adapted to the patients degree of urinary incontinence. Many of the nursing home inhabitants were using larger pads than necessary. If the pads had been adapted to the patient's urinary leakage volume, costs for incontinence aids would have been reduced by 31%.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of dementia on the prevalence of urinary and faecal incontinence in 85-year-old men and women.

The influence of dementia on the prevalence of urinary and faecal incontinence was investigated in a random sample (n = 485) of the total population of 85-year-olds from the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. The subjects were assessed by a psychiatric interview, physical examinations, computed tomography of the head and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Urinary and faecal incontinence were assessed by a urotherapist. Dementia, urinary and faecal incontinence were defined according to strict, internationally accepted criteria. The prevalences of urinary and faecal incontinence, and dementia were 38%, 17% and 29% respectively. Demented men (50%) and women (60%) were more often urinary incontinent than non-demented men (18%) and women (36%). Faecal incontinence was more prevalent in demented (34.8%) than non-demented subjects (6.7%). Both urinary and faecal incontinence were more prevalent in women (43% and 20% respectively) than men (27% and 11%, respectively). The prevalences of urinary and faecal incontinence, and dementia were higher in residents of a nursing home or hospital (74%, 51% and 92%, respectively) than in subjects living at home (32%, 9% and 18%, respectively). Of the demented subjects resident in an institution, 78% were incontinent compared with 37% living at home. Incontinence aids were used by 18% of the men and 33% of the women, and their use increased with increasing severity of dementia. Dementia influenced the prevalence of urinary incontinence, and both conditions independently of each other strongly influenced the need for institutional care.

Journal Article↗