A combination of lorazepam, prochlorperazine, dexamethasone, scopolamine and ondansetron was used to prevent and diminish the occurrence of nausea and vomiting during administration of emetogenic chemotherapy. Immediately prior to administering chemotherapy a cutaneous scopolamine patch was applied to the retroaural area, prochlorperazine 5 mg was given orally, and intravenous (IV) lorazepam 0.5 mg, ondansetron 10 mg and dexamethasone 10 mg were given. The last two were repeated after 4 hours twice, and lorazepam at 6 hour intervals for four doses. A chemotherapy course consisted of mitoxantrone 20 mg/m2 i.v., followed by thiotepa 60 mg/m2 followed by 3 grams/m2 of cyclophosphamide as a constant infusion over 48 hours. There were 80 courses given to 30 women and one man with a median age of 42 years (29-58). Complete protection from vomiting in all 80 courses resulted. Minor nausea occurred in 25 courses. The antiemetic regimen was well tolerated and all patients received all the doses as prescribed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Establishment of a new cell line, VA-N-BR, from a primitive neuroblastoma tumor of the abdomen.

An established cell line was derived from a neuroblastoma originating in the abdomen of a six year old male. This patient had increased urinary homovanillic acid on two occasions, and the tumor had a unique pattern of local peritoneal and hepatic dissemination but not distant spread. The cells were initially highly refractile round cells forming firmly adherent cell clumps which later formed irregularly shaped bodies with mono- or bipolar short processes attached to the plastic surface of the culture flask. Chromosomal tetraploidy and marker chromosomes distinguished these cells from Ewings sarcoma, neuroepithelioma and the common disseminating neuroblastoma. Immunohistochemical staining positive for neurofilament, chromogranin, desmin and vimentin suggested it to be relatively undifferentiated. When heterotransplanted to nude mice, these cells expressed only desmin and vimentin reactivity. This neuroblastoma cell line was established and designated as VA-N-BR. It appears to be different from the more common partially differentiated neuroblastoma of childhood.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Deferoxamine and human neuroblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell lines.

Deferoxamine at concentrations of 3.28 microM to 32.8 microM for five days causes in vitro growth inhibitory and cytolytic activities in human neuroblastoma and neuroectodermal cell lines. These effects are most likely due to intracellular iron depletion and vary with each cell line tested. A 3.28 microM threshold for cytolytic effects was observed in the most sensitive cell lines SK-N-DZ and SK-PN-LI, while proportionate responses ranging from lysis to relative growth inhibition was observed in the more refractory VA-N-BR, SK-N-LO and SK-N-AS cell lines. Cytolytic effects may represent an artifact of the in vitro setting where maximum exposure of cells to the drug can be achieved. Different sensitivities to deferoxamine in controlled in vitro conditions suggest variable anti-tumor effects can be expected in the clinical setting. Deferoxamine in patients may require a maximum tolerated dosage as a constant infusion for greater than 72 hours.

Cell Division↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic value of cytologic specimens obtained from children with cancer.

The practical value of cytologic examination in the clinical management of children with cancer was determined by analyzing 2,363 cytologic specimens collected during a two year period. The specimens included cerebrospinal fluid, pleural and peritoneal effusions, urine and tracheal aspirates from 347 children with cancer. Malignant tumor cells were detected in 266 specimens obtained from 106 children with the following malignant neoplasms: leukemia 44/133, malignant lymphoma 13/64, soft tissue sarcoma 13/48, neuroblastoma 13/26, Wilms' tumor 4/18, malignant teratoma 4/13, osteogenic sarcoma 7/11, Ewing's sarcoma 2/10, brain tumor 5/6 and retinoblastoma 1/1. No malignant cells were detected in fluids from 18 patients with other tumors. The malignant cells were identified most ofter in spinal fluid, pleural and peritoneal effusions. Cytologic examination appears to be of value in the clinical management of children with cancer.

Ascitic Fluid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo effects of repeated exposure of human neuroblastoma cell lines to deferoxamine.

Using an in vitro cytotoxicity assay method we examined the effects of three repeated exposures to 33 microM Deferoxamine on human neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-DZ and VA-N-BR. There were no changes in cytolytic or cytostatic sensitivities in either cell line when compared to first time exposure. We conclude that tumor cell sensitivity may not be altered during repetitive spaced courses of deferoxamine in the clinical setting.

Cell Division↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cis-platinum (CDDP) plus etoposide (VP-16-213) and treatment of disseminated neuroblastoma.

Ten patients with neuroblastoma were treated with a standard pulsed administration schedule of cis-platinum and etoposide (VP16-213). Two patients are experiencing good partial responses lasting over 8 months. One other patient had a partial response. Toxicity was mild and limited to high frequency hearing loss, temporary increase in blood urea nitrogen, and myelosuppression. These data may be useful to compare with data from other more aggressive or different administration schedules of the drug combination.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Human meningeal sarcoma heterotransplants in Nu/Nu mice treated with L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) and dianhydrogalactitol (DAG).

The clinical characteristics and response to therapy of a patient with meningeal sarcoma, one of four patients over a twenty-five year period at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, are described. The light and electron microscopic characteristics of the primary tumor and as a heterotransplant in nude mice showed minimal differences. The tumor was resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, both in the patient, in vitro as a cell culture and ex vivo as a heterotransplant. Only a combination of L-phenylalanine mustard and dianhydrogalactitol produced a limited response in both the patient and the mice. This combination may have some utility in future cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Exfoliative cytology of nonlymphoreticular neoplasms in children.

During the last 11 years, 144 nonlymphoreticular neoplasms were diagnosed in exfoliative cytology specimens obtained from patients younger than 17 years of age. Neuroblastoma was the single most common neoplasm (30 cases). Other categories of malignant neoplasms were primary bone tumors (30 cases), soft-tissue sarcomas (25 cases), brain tumors (25 cases) and epithelial neoplasms (7 cases). Of the 780 cytologic specimens, 335 were positive for malignant cells. Serous effusions provided most of the positive specimens from patients with neuroblastoma, germ-cell tumors and bone sarcomas. Exfoliated cells of metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and primary brain tumors were detected most often in cerebrospinal fluid specimens. A most unusual presentation of an immature teratoma of the ovary is described in some detail. Despite the rarity of pediatric neoplasms, certain specific or suggestive cytologic features were recognized, including rosette formation of neuroblasts, nuclear notching of myoblasts, pleomorphism of osteoblasts and fibrillar processes of glial elements.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pre-Gardner's syndrome, thyroglossal cysts and undifferentiated tumor of neural crest origin.

A child with a malignant undifferentiated adrenal medullary tumor of neural crest origin, removed at six months of age, was treated with chemotherapy and is alive without evidence of cancer after seven years. He developed osteomas of the skull, a thyroglossal cyst and has had one episode of gastrointestinal bleeding. A three-generation history of multiple colonic polyposis and colon cancer, osteomas, recurrent pancreatitis, and Wilms' tumor was elicited. One of three females in this family, with direct lineage from polyposis afflicted fathers, exhibited Gardner's Syndrome and Wilms' tumor. The constellation of tumors afflicting this family may represent an underlying defect of excessive cell proliferation affecting mesenchymal and neuroblastic tissue. These may be extracolonic conditions associated with Gardner's Syndrome.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Death from progression following spontaneous regression of infantile neuroblastoma.

A case of neuroblastoma in an infant who showed evidence of spontaneous incomplete regression and subsequent relapse is reported. Interpretation of this patient's course is that the patient's tumor was heterogeneous in terms of cell compartments with susceptibility to spontaneous lysis. It is assumed that later activation of a cell compartment with uncontrollable proliferation occurred. Problems of assigning risk to infants like this include the need to have better biochemical or biological markers which will distinguish those infants who will have progressive disease, or will temporarily remit and then relapse from those who will spontaneously and permanently remit. Until appropriate risk assignment and early diagnosis of tumor recurrence are available, infants with disseminated neuroblastoma should receive limited treatment with chemotherapy or radiation at least until tumor regression is documented.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroblastoma spinal cord compression (review).

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Metastatic retinoblastoma and L-phenylalanine mustard-dianhydrogalactitol.

Retinoblastomas heterotransplanted to nude mice were shown to be sensitive to a combination of phenylalanine mustard and dianhydrogalactitol. A patient with metastatic retinoblastoma was treated with this combination and had a significant response with complete clinical clearance of her bone marrow and metastatic tumors. However, the patient's response was similar to that observed in nude mice; recurrences of tumors developed after complete clinical remission.

Animals↗