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Biomedical subjects

L Hilakivi

Publications and source records attributed to L Hilakivi.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Sleeping and dreams in learning-disabled boys.

Ten learning-disabled (LD) boys were compared with eight control boys. The boys with learning difficulties reported shorter sleep latency but more frequent awakenings, longer nocturnal sleep, and increased complaints of daytime sleepiness than the controls. The dreams of the LD boys were less bizarre than those of the controls, and the LD boys used fewer words to describe their dreams. The findings may reflect a functional relation between experienced sleep-related difficulties, some components of dreams, and learning disabilities in school children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on neonatal sleep-wake behaviour and adult alcohol consumption in the AA and ANA rat lines.

To study the role of genetic factors in the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on behaviour, dams of two rat lines developed to differ in voluntary alcohol intake, alcohol-preferring (AA) and alcohol-avoiding (ANA) rats were given a 5-10% alcohol solution mixed with a 1% sucrose solution as a sole drinking liquid throughout gestation. Sleep-wake behaviour of the offspring was studied at the ages of 7, 14 and 20 days, using a movement-sensitive mattress. In ANA rats, sleep recordings showed that prenatal alcohol exposure increased the percentage of waking but decreased the percentage of active sleep. Sleep-wake behaviour of the AA rats was not affected by alcohol exposure in utero. Prenatal alcohol exposure did not change open field behaviour in 1 month old rats, except that the alcohol-exposed AA rats' defaecation was decreased. When rats were 3 months old, voluntary intake of 10% (v/v) alcohol increased for alcohol-exposed ANA rats and decreased for alcohol-exposed AA rats as compared to the controls. The results indicate that AA rats may compensate for the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on behaviour, whereas offspring of the alcohol-exposed ANA dams suffer from severe behavioural disturbances. These findings further suggest that genetic factors are responsible for the differences in the susceptibility of rat foetuses to alcohol-induced long-term effects on behaviour.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

Effect of neonatal clomipramine treatment on adult alcohol drinking in the AA and ANA rat lines.

In order to test further the hypothesis that neonatal active (REM) sleep suppression by means of clomipramine, an inhibitor of monoamine reuptake, is involved in the subsequent increase of voluntary alcohol consumption in rats, the AA (alcohol preferring) and ANA (alcohol avoiding) rat lines were injected daily with 25 mg/kg clomipramine IP from the 7th to the 20th postnatal days. At the age of 3 months the clomipramine AA rats consumed significantly more 10% (v/v) alcohol solution than the control AA rats. Neonatal clomipramine treatment did not, however, affect the drinking patterns of the ANA rats. Secondly, in order to test the alcohol-deprivation effect; i.e., the increase in alcohol consumption after its deprivation, the AA and ANA rats were deprived of alcohol for 17 days. There was a significant difference between the temporal pattern of changes in alcohol drinking produced by alcohol deprivation in the AA rats and the pattern in the ANA rats. Furthermore, the clomipramine treated AA rats tended to show a decrease and the clomipramine ANA rats an increase in their post-deprivation alcohol intake compared to the control AA and ANA rats. The results are interpreted in terms of active sleep being important for later alcohol drinking and other genetically determined differences in behavior.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neonatal sleep-wake behaviour and adult alcohol consumption in rats.

Our previous experiments showed that suppression of early postnatal active (REM) sleep increases alcohol intake in adult rats. To study the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neonatal sleep-wake behaviour and adult alcohol consumption pregnant rat dams were given 7% to 12% alcohol, 1% sucrose solution, or tap water as a sole liquid throughout gestation. Sleep-wake behaviour of the pups was studied at 6, 8, 12 and 15 days of age by using a movement sensitive mattress. The offspring who were exposed to alcohol in utero had significantly less active sleep and more wakefulness from total recording time than the controls. Their quiet state was also interrupted more often by waking episodes. At the age of 2 months voluntary alcohol intake of the rats exposed prenatally to alcohol was elevated compared to the controls. These findings suggest that early postnatal active sleep and the neurotransmitter systems regulating it may be the means by which in utero alcohol exposure affects adult alcohol drinking.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Revitalization of the AA and ANA rat lines: effects on some line characteristics.

After 37 generations, the AA and ANA rat lines developed for high and low voluntary alcohol consumption, were revitalized by crossing with hybrid (Brown Norwegian X Lewis) rats. The line difference in alcohol consumption continued, although initially diminished, after revitalization. The greater acetaldehyde accumulation and longer loss of righting reflex after ethanol administration of the ANAs persisted after revitalization, but significant line differences in motor impairment were no longer found. The line characteristics for open-field test behavior were also different than before revitalization. Of the previously-observed line differences that have now been reexamined, the level of blood acetaldehyde during ethanol metabolism appears to be the most closely related to the genetically-determined factors influencing alcohol consumption.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in the sleep-wake patterns of the AA and ANA rat lines developed for high and low alcohol intake.

The sleep-wake patterns of the AA and ANA rat lines, developed for high and low voluntary alcohol consumption by genetic selection, were studied at the age of 10 days with a movement sensitive mattress, and at the age of four months with a monitor for anesthesia and brain activity. The amount of REM sleep was significantly higher in the ANA rats than in the AA rats both as newborns and as adults. The total sleep times, however, were the same in both rat lines. These findings suggest that the differences in alcohol drinking observed in the AA and ANA rats may be related to REM sleep, possibly due to differences in cerebral monoaminergic activity.

Alcohol Drinking↗