Biomedical subjects

L Hoffmann

Publications and source records attributed to L Hoffmann.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

[The effect of the protein level of feed on the energy maintenance requirement of rats during the course of growth and after the conclusion of the intensive growth phase using different feeding regimens].

In two experiments with male Wistar rats energy metabolism was measured on the feeding level of maintenance in the course of growth and in various adult periods after the application of feed mixtures with various protein-carbohydrate quotas (10, 40 and 70% crude protein) according to two different feeding regimes. While there was a change of protein levels between the animal groups in periods 1 to 3 and 8 to 10 from one period to the other, the protein levels in periods 4 to 7 and 11 to 13 remained the same for each animal group. Irrespective of the feeding regime, a dependence of the energy maintenance requirement on the nutrients according to the expected values was measured, which result from the different efficiency of ATP synthesis in the oxidative degradation of the nutrients. On an average of the periods maintenance requirement amounted to 357 +/- 21, 399 +/- 16 and 443 +/- 28 kJ/kg LW0.75.d (experiment 1) and 350 +/- 29, 383 +/- 34 and 442 +/- 30 kJ/kg LW0.75.d (experiment 2) for 10, 40 and 70% crude protein in the feed. The relation between the maintenance requirement values was 100:112:124 and 100:109:126. This contrasts with the relative expected values of 100:108:115 and 100:109:116.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1990

[Continuous measuring of heat production during the course of the day in fully grown rats at different nutrition levels and different environmental temperatures].

The heat production of 4 rats was measured by means of indirect calorimetry over 20 h/d at intervals of 4 min at ambient temperatures of 30, 25, 20 and 15 degrees C and feed intakes of 0, 4, 8 and 12 g/d. When the rats were hungry, their heat production was reduced by between 8 and 44 kJ/kg LW0.75.d. Feed intake increased heat production by between 54 and 102%. In the temperature range between 20 and 30 degrees C the rats required 0.36 kJ or 2.4% resp. of the metabolizable energy for the intake of 1 g feed. At 15 degrees C the corresponding values were 0.48 kJ or 3.2% resp. The activity-conditioned quota of heat production was estimated as 31 +/- 10%. In the temperature range of between 30 and 25 degrees C thermoregulatory heat production amounted to 5 and that in the temperature range between 25 and 15 degrees C to 20 kJ/kg LW0.75.d.K. No compensation of thermoregulatory heat by heat from increase of energy intake could be proved in the temperature range between 15 and 30 degrees C.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1990

[Effect of the nutrition level and sex on the energy maintenance requirement of broilers and rats].

In 3 experiments young broiler chickens were supplied on various feeding levels in the growth range between 200 and 2500 g live weight (2.8 and 2.0 in experiment 1, 2.8, 2.3 and 1.8 in experiments 2 and 4, maintenance = feeding level 1.0). In experiments 1 and 2 short-time measurings (30 min) of heat production by means of gas exchange were made at 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 g live weight in the post-absorptive state and on the maintenance level of feeding. In experiment 1 the heat production of the restrictively fed chickens was in 3 out of the 4 stages of development studied significantly lower by 10-14% than that of the intensively fed ones. In experiment 2 such an effect could not be observed. Fed on the level of energy maintenance, broilers weighing approximately 2000 g (experiment 3) did not show a significant influence of the sex on heat production as a result of 30-minute gas exchange measurings in the post-absorptive state. In experiment 4 24-hour measurings of the energy metabolism were carried out in the growth development in periods of feeding on the maintenance level by means of indirect calorimetry. In the live weight range between 0.9 and 1.3 kg there was only a low, non-significant decrease of the energy maintenance requirement of 4-6% of the highly restrictively fed chickens in comparison to the intensively fed ones. After continued feed restriction (live weight range 1.7-2.2 kg) an energy maintenance requirement reduced by 17% was measured. In an analogously arranged experiment with 24-hour energy metabolism measurings (experiment 5) male Wistar rats in the growth range between 70 and 280 g were supplied on the feeding levels 1.8 and 1.4 resp. In all three periods studied on the feeding level maintenance--beginning at 140-150 g live weight--the highly restrictively fed animals showed a slightly reduced energy maintenance requirement by 8%, 3% (non-significant) and 6% in comparison with the intensively fed animals.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1990

[Continuous measuring of heat production and activity during the course of the day in hungry growing rats].

Heat production (indirect calorimetry) and motor activity were measured continuously with 4 repetitions at 8 male albino rats (24 h fasting) over 21 h (4 minute cycle of measured value registration). The average difference between maximum and minimum heat production in a 4-minute measuring period amounted to 82 +/- 14% (68 to 139%). There was a significant connection between heat production and activity. 7.9 +/- 1.2% of the heat production of the hungry rat could be ascribed to activity. In the course of the day of fasting (24 h) an average metabolism reduction of 15 kJ/kg LW0.75 could be observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Energy requirements of pregnant and lactating sows].

The energy requirement of pregnant and lactating sows is derived on the basis of extensive experimental studies of the energy metabolism (indirect calorimetry, slaughtering) according to the factorial method. For the first reproduction cycle (RC) 0.41 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) or 0.29 MJ net energy fat, pig (NEFpig) resp. were necessary for energy maintenance requirement for pregnant and lactating sows and, depending on age, 0.44 MJ ME or 0.31 MJNEFpig in the second or third RC and 0.47 MJ ME/kg LW0.75.d or 0.33 MJ NEFpig/kg LW0.75.d in the 4th-8th RC. A linear increase of up to 6% of the energy requirement caused by pregnancy between the 85th and 115th day of pregnancy is taken into consideration. Energy requirement per 1 MJ retention both in pregnancy and lactation is 1.45 MJ ME or 1.03 MJ NEFpig, per 1 MJ milk yield it is 1.33 MJ ME or 0.91 MJ NEFpig. 1 MJ body energy for milk yield corresponds to 1.20 MJ ME or 0.82 MJ NEFpig. Equations describing energy retention in the products of conception, uterus and udder are established as well as equations characterizing the connections between live weight gain or loss and energy content of the gain or loss.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Melphalan and prednisone (MP) versus vincristine, BCNU, adriamycin, melphalan and dexamethasone (VBAMDex) therapy for multiple myeloma. Early results of a multicenter trial. The German Myeloma Treatment Group.

136 untreated multiple myeloma patients of stage II and III were collected in the study. 37/51 stage II patients had progressive disease and were treated with melphalan and prednisone (MP). 85 patients were of stage III and randomized into MP and vincristine, BCNU, adriamycin, melphalan and dexamethasone (VBAMDex) treatment groups. 55% of MP treated patients responded versus 75% of the VBAMDex group. Since the study has been activated only 16 months ago, no difference in survival could be observed.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1989

[The energy preservation requirements of growing pigs of different sexes fed normal and high protein diets. 5. Comparison with the results obtained from castrated pigs, sows and boars].

In one experiment each with castrated pigs, sows and boars (hybrid pigs of line 150), two groups of six animals received rations containing 17 and 45% crude protein resp. over the complete test period from 35 to 130 kg (castrated pigs), 150 kg (sows), 170 kg live weight (boars) and passed alternatively through a total of 60 metabolism periods on growth and 48 on maintenance level. There were significant differences between the 3 categories of animals with regard to energy maintenance requirement in the relation of 100:105:110 for castrated pigs less than sows less than boars. In contrast to the estimated values derived from previous studies for energetic maintenance requirement of 650 kJ/kg LW0.62.d the measured values for all 3 animal categories are by approximately 50% higher. The protein content did not have an influence on the maintenance requirement of metabolizable energy of the animals. The utilization of metabolizable energy of the two rations for body energy retention corresponds to the expectations with regard to its dependence on nutrients. The requirement of metabolizable energy for protein and fat retention is 1.7:1.0. The energy content of the weight gain of boars was, on average, 85% of that of castrated pigs and sows. The studies of blood parameters did not show any deviations in the parameters tested.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1989

[The energy utilization of root vegetables and their processed products by adult swine].

The energetic utilization of raw and steamed sugar beets, raw carrots and fresh conserved or dried sugar beet pulp was measured at 8 adult pigs each with the application of the respiration experiment method. The experiment was laid out according to the difference method with 4 periods of basic rations per animal. The digestibility of the energy of the 5 feedstuffs (sequence as above) was measured as 85, 87, 83, 67 and 69% and energy retention as 10.1, 9.8, 9.1, 8.2 and 8.1 MJ/kg DM. In comparison to earlier measurings (Schiemann et al., 1966) digestibility was by 4%, relatively, lower. Under consideration of the difference in the digestibility of energy, there is very good agreement in energy retention.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1989

[The energy utilization of coarse feed by adult swine].

The energetic utilization of 12 technically dried roughages (6 legumes, 5 grasses, 1 straw) with a wide variation of the chemical composition (crude fibre content 190-395, crude protein content 61-266 g/kg DM) was tested with 8 adult pigs each by means of the respiration test technique. The experiments were laid out according to the difference method with 3-4 basal ration period per animal. The digestibility of the energy of the feedstuffs (except straw) ranged from 40-60%, the partial utilization of the metabolizable energy from 63 to 74%.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1989

[Changes in the kidney and upper urinary tract in the normal course of pregnancy. Results of a sonographic study].

In 232 women with a normal course of pregnancy the kidneys and the upper urinary tract were studied by means of ultrasonography. In 73% of the patients a dilation of the renal collecting system was found. Frequency and grade of the dilation have been increased from the first to the third trimenon, with a significant preference of the right side. A marked dilation with a sagittal diameter of the pyelon of more than 15 mm was found in only 12% of the pregnant women. In a single case during uncomplicated pregnancy also monstrous dilation could be demonstrated.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Changes in the kidney and upper urinary tract in pathologic pregnancy follow-up. Results of an ultrasonic study].

In 201 women with pathologic course of pregnancy (161 women suffering from urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis and colic, 40 women with gestosis) the kidneys and the upper urinary tract were studied by means of ultrasonography. In 86% of the 161 women with colic, urinary tract infection and septic complications a dilation of the renal collecting system was found, in 39.4% of them a marked dilation (sagittal diameter of more than 15 mm). Frequency and grade of dilation have been uncreased from the first to the third trimenon, with a significant preference of the right side. In patients suffering from gestosis a lower frequency and grade of dilation was found. Pregnant women with a sagittal diameter of the pyelon of more than 15 mm should controlled more intensively prae and post partum, but the grade of dilation is not the only criterion of therapeutic strategies.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1988

Electron microscopic results on the ventral prostate of the rat after CdCl2 administration. A contribution towards etiology of the cancer of the prostate.

The prostate epithelium of rats which received repeated cadmium chloride (CdCl2) injections showed a gradual disruption of structural differentiation. Electron microscopy studies revealed severe changes in the ultrastructure affecting all epithelial cell organelles, particularly the nuclei, rough endoplasmatic reticulum, the golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. The cells infiltrating the stroma contained secretory vacuoles and their nuclear evaginations on the invasion front showed similarities to ultrastructural pathological changes in man. Examinations of the ventral prostate following oral CdCl2 administration revealed changes ranging in severity up to dysplasia, but there was no evidence of carcinoma.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1988

[Methodologic studies for the measurement of kinetic parameters of the metabolism of whole body protein in association with measurements of energy metabolism in rats].

In 3 successive experiments with growing rats the suitability of pulse labelling with [15N]glycine, linked with a 14C labelling by means of [14C]lysine (experiment 3), was tested for the determination of kinetic parameters of the protein metabolism of the whole body by the application of the compartment model in comparison with pulse labelling with a 15N amino acid mixture (experiment 2) and long-time labelling with 15N with 15N labelled wheat in the feed (experiment 1) under standardized experiment conditions. In simultaneously carried out measurings of energy metabolism with parallel groups of animals the comparability of the metabolic development was studied. The ascertained values of protein synthesis rate, protein catabolism rate and re-utilization rate showed insignificant differences only between the 3 15N tracer variants (with certain limitations for the 'protein turnover' (P)-group of experiment 2) in comparison with errors of the applied methods, from which conclusions can be drawn for the suitability of [15N] glycine as tracer, at least under the experiment conditions tested. The protein synthesis and degradation rates ascertained from 14CO2 excretion in experiment 3 were clearly below those average values ascertained with 15N. The differences in the average heat production between the main periods of the 3 experiments were statistically insignificant.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1988

[Energy requirements of young female cattle. 5. Energy intake and energy expenditure].

From 6 experiments dealing with the development of young female cattle, partly from calf to calving, 660 metabolism periods were evaluated as to energy intake, live weight gain (LWG) and energy expenditure. Growth intensity was deliberately regulated through energy intake. In the experiment with the highest growth rate the average LWG was greater than 850 g/animal and day and in the experiment with the lowest growth rate at about 550 g/animal and day. Energy expenditure increased from 15 MJ net energy fatcattle/kg LWG at a live weight of 50 kg to 50-80 MJ NEFcattle/kg LWG in clear dependence on growth intensity. Comparative examinations of energy intake and energy requirement, estimated with equations forming the basis of recommendations for the energy supply of young female cattle in the framework of the GDR system of feed evaluation, lead to the conclusion that a new concept of identifying the energy requirement of young female cattle has to be developed.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

[Energy requirements of young female cattle. 6. Energy requirements].

Results taken from 6 experiments with young female cattle comprising 477 metabolism periods served the derivation of the animals energy requirement in the development range greater than 125 kg live weight according to the factorial method. The energy requirement per kg LW0.75 and day, calculated from metabolism data, was independent of the stage of development and the intensity of feeding. It averaged 455 +/- 66 kJ metabolizable energy/kg LW0.75.d and 250 +/- 37 kJ NEFcattle/kg LW0.75.d respectively. The partial energy requirement for live weight gain, expressed in net energy fat, was equivalent to the energy content of the live weight gain. Energy retention and thus energy requirement per kg live weight gain increased with the live weight and reached a maximum of 26 MJ. Energy retention per kg live weight gain largely depended on the intensity of feeding and the stage of gravidity. Restrictive energy supply and progressing gravidity decreased energy content in the weight gain. The influences mentioned were taken into consideration on the derivation of the partial requirement for live weight gain. Equations were developed for the estimation of the energy requirement of young female cattle, which can be applied to both gravid and non-gravid cattle.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

[Comparative observations of the results from community studies of the precision of the energy requirements of young female cattle].

Institutes from 4 CMEA countries took part in coordinated joint studies for a precise determination of the energy requirement of young female cattle. A comparative description of the results is given. The most important conclusion is that the energy requirement of young female cattle of various dairy cattle genotypes can be described with sufficient accuracy according to the net energy fattening (NEFcattle) requirement equation derived in the GDR if the keeping conditions are taken into account.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1988

[Ureterotransversopyelostomy and unilateral nephrostomy as supravesical urinary diversion in vesico-vagino-rectal fistula and incurable bladder cancers].

The use of a transversal uretero-pyelostomy as an alternative to other forms of supravesical urinary diversion is described in a patient suffering from incurable bladder cancer and in another patient with combined bladder-vaginal-rectal fistula, colostomy and radiogenic contracted urinary bladder. The operation is less severe to the patient and a transperitoneal or a retroperitoneal approach is possible. This type of urinary diversion should be included in the operative armamentarium of the urologist in selected cases because of the quality of patient's life is improved markedly.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

[A rare case of benign ureteral tumor].

It is reported on an extremely rare case of a benign ureteral fibroepithelioma. If the diagnosis is correct, in these tumors a conservative surgical approach is indicated, in contrast to malignant urothelial tumors which require a radical nephroureterectomy including removal of a bladder cuff.

Adult↗