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Biomedical subjects

L Hornstein

Publications and source records attributed to L Hornstein.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pediatric manpower needs in the area of developmental disorders and other chronic handicapping conditions.

The purpose of this study was to determine the availability of and need for pediatricians specifically trained in the diagnosis and care of children with developmental disorders and/or other chronic handicapping conditions. Questionnaires were sent to department chairmen of 260 pediatric residency programs. Results of the survey are presented. On the basis of 73% responses, it is concluded that a need for pediatricians trained in developmental disorders and/or other chronic handicapping conditions exists. There were at the time of the study 32 open positions for pediatricians with such training. Eighty-four pediatric residents were interested in a fellowship and an additional 79 were considering it.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Structural analysis of hepatitis B surface antigen by monoclonal antibodies.

A method has been developed for the analysis of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) antigenic structure at the molecular level that creates "fingerprints" or "signatures" of various hepatitis B viral (HBV) strains. This technique employs high affinity IgM and IgG monoclonal antibodies (anti-HBs) directed against distinct and separate determinants on HBsAg. In performing this antigenic structural analysis, separate binding curves for different monoclonal anti-HBs are generated by measuring immunoreactivity in serial dilutions of HBsAg-positive serum by radioimmunoassay. Since the HBsAg concentration in serum is unknown, the binding profiles of groups of samples are aligned by an iterative least-squares procedure to generate the numerical signature characteristic of the viral strain. The numerical signatures are then displayed on a computer-graphic plot. The signature profiles of HBsAg subtypes are a true reflection of their antigenic structure, and in vertical and horizontal transmission studies the molecular characteristics of the viral epitopes are conserved. By signature analysis we found substantial antigenic heterogeneity among the ayw3 strain both in the U.S. and France, as well as in populations of the Far East and Africa. Populations in Ethiopia, Gambia, and the Philippines were infected with two antigenically distinct HBV strains. In some newly identified HBV strains, it was found that epitopes identified by some monoclonal antibodies were absent or substantially reduced, which suggested that a genetic mutation may have occurred. Thus this study suggests that there is far more antigenic heterogeneity in HBV than previously recognized. These variants are antigenically distinct from each other at the epitope level, and were heretofore unrecognized by polyvalent anti-HBsAg antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Rubella immunity measured by hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Evaluation of the immunity to rubella by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in a series of 1,697 sera collected from women of childbearing age, showed a 65% agreement; 33% were ELISA-positive and HI-negative at a 1:16 dilution and only 2% were ELISA-negative and HI-positive. Among 241 women given the rubella vaccine following an HI titer of less than 1:16, no change was observed in 208 in the postimmunization HI test, but only 11 were negative when ELISA was used. The retesting by ELISA of 110 preimmunization sera showed that 67 (61%) were positive, and therefore the vaccine had been unnecessarily administered. In a series of 72 HI tests that did not permit interpretation because of a nonspecific reaction, ELISA provided quite clear results. ELISA appears to be a sensitive technique for the evaluation of the true immune status to rubella in sera with low HI levels (less than 1:16), as well as in circumstances where the HI test reacts nonspecifically.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A new surgical procedure for correction of lip deformity in cranio-carpo-tarsal dysplasia (whistling face syndrome).

A child with cranio-carpo-tarsal dysplasia or whistling face syndrome is described together with a new surgical procedure for the correction of the mouth deformity. The syndrome is rare; only approximately 40 cases have been described in the literature since 1938. Correction of the facial appearance is of great importance to the affected individuals because of emotional problems they may develop as a reaction of their anomalies. Although the majority of cases have been sporadic, the syndrome can be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Therefore, genetic counseling for affected persons should be offered.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1979

Success and failure of a rubella immunization programme.

A Rubella control programme was started in 1973 in Israel and aimed at: 1) the yearly immunization of all school girls aged 12; and (2) the rapid immunization of females 12 years old from the communal settlements. Both HEP77DE5 and Wistar RA 27/3 (WI-38) strains were used. A 5 year follow-up showed: (a) a vaccination coverage of 95%; (b) a seroconversion rate which approached 100% with persistent protective G. M.-antibody values; (c) about 15% of the females of childbearing age in the general population were devoid of Rubella HI antibody. During 1978 an extensive Rubella epidemic occurred in the general population 15-20% of whom were in the age group 15-44, whilst in the communal settlements no cases were observed in vaccinated people of the same age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Rubella antibodies in women of childbearing age during an epidemic and the two years thereafter.

An epidemic of rubella started in the south of Israel late in 1971, and reached the north of the country in the spring of 1972. Between April 1972 and April 1975, 14,149 women of childbearing age from Haifa and the north of Israel were examined for rubella antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and complement fixation (CF) tests. During the year of the epidemic, CF antibody titers of greater than or equal 16 were found in 9.3% of cases with HI antibody titers of 64, in 37.7% of cases with HI titers of 128, and in 71.7% of cases with HI titers of greater than or equal 256. Two years later there were no women with CF antibody titers of greater than or equal 16 among those with HI titers of 64, and the percentage with CF antibody titers of greater than or equal 16 had decreased to 4.3% among women with HI titers of 128 and to 38.7% among those with HI antibody titers of greater than or equal 256. These results show that the determination of CF antibody titers may be useful in the serodiagnosis of recent rubella infection, especially diring an epidemic occurring several years after a previous one. The epidemic hardly altered the percentage of women susceptible to rubella. Although vaccination of 12-year-old girs was introduced in Israel in 1972, careful surveillance of women of childbearing age still remains necessary for detection and vaccination of susceptible nonpregnant women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis B virus infection and liver disease in Ethiopian immigrants to Israel.

We assessed infection with hepatitis B virus in 357 Ethiopians who immigrated to Israel. Hepatitis B virus infection, as measured by the presence in the serum of HBsAg, anti-HBs, or anti-HBc, started at an early age (35% at the age of 1 to 4 years) and reached an overall rate of 98% in individuals over 40 years old. A high rate of HBsAg antigenemia in the young age group (19% at the age of 1 to 8 years) was associated with HBeAg and serum hepatitis B virus DNA. However, hepatitis B virus DNA was rarely detected in HBsAg-positive serum of older individuals who were anti-HBe-positive. No hepatitis B virus DNA sequences were detected in the serum of individuals who had anti-HBs. Despite the extremely high rate of hepatitis B virus infection that occurred at an early age, no clinical evidence of chronic liver disease in this population was detected.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of rubella and congenital rubella infection in Israel, a country with a selective immunization program.

A rubella immunization program directed at girls aged 12 years started in Israel in 1973, and its extension in 1980 to women of childbearing age had produced by 1983 several changes in the epidemiologic pattern of rubella infection in women of childbearing age and in the risk of congenital rubella: a 55%-77% decline in the incidence of the disease in the 15-44-year age group; a progressive reduction in the rate of seronegativity among women from greater than 20% to less than 10%; a risk of infection during pregnancy and a percentage of abortions associated with rubella infection in the 1983 outbreak that were one-twelfth and one-tenth, respectively, the values associated with the 1978 and 1979 epidemics; and an evident decrease in the frequency of cases of congenital rubella, as detected by either passive or active surveillance. It is predicted that of the women who will be pregnant in 1985, 98.2% and 94.3% of those in the 18-23 year and 24-44 year age groups, respectively, will be immune by the end of 1984.

Adolescent↗