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Biomedical subjects

L Hromádková

Publications and source records attributed to L Hromádková.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Effect of early surgery in essential infantile esotropia on the quality of binocular vision].

In a retrospective study of 397 children operated in the course of 10 years (1985-1995) on account of essential infantile esotropia the authors evaluate the effect of early surgery implemented before the age of two years on the quality of binocular vision as compared with a later operation. The group of children was divided into three sub-groups. Group A comprised 75 children with the operation during the first six months of life (mean 3.8 months), sub-group B 194 children with the operation at the age of 6-24 months and in group C 128 children operated at the age of 2-6 years (mean 3.56 years). In group A binocular vision was recorded in 80% children (15% superposition, 60% fusion, 5% stereopsy). In groups B binocular vision was recorded in 76% children (18% superposition, 50% fusion, 8% stereopsy). In group C simple binocular vision in the form of superposition was present in 24% and fusion only in 21% children. The results of binocular vision after surgery of essential infantile esotropia are in favour of early surgery, preferably by the age of 6 months, not later than at the age of 2 years. An essential part of comprehensive treatment is active and positive pleoptic and orthoptic care incl. supplementary surgical correction of residual horizontal or vertical deviations. Early surgery of an adequate extent with a safeguarded parallel position of the eyes implies in the long run more frequent achievement of a higher quality of binocular vision incl. stereopsy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

[Strabismus surgery in adults].

The authors operated 24 adult patients with strabismus (20 with concomitant, 4 with paralytic) aged 18 to 66 years, mean age 30.5 years. They focused attention on the possibility to adjust the deviation, to achieve binocular vision and postoperative diplopia. Based on their own results and those of other authors they found that surgery of strabismus in adults is not only a cosmetic operation. The possibilities to adjust the deviation are very favourable, and this applies also to achievement of binocular vision. The latter was attained in 66.7% of the patients. Postoperative diplopia in patients, incl. those with abnormal retinal correspondence, is only a rare complication. The authors recommend that adult patients with strabismus demanding operation should not be refused.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Vertical strabismus in plagiocephaly].

Plagiocephaly is cranial synostosis caused by premature closure of one half of the coronal suture. It is manifested by asymmetry of the face of a varying degree with vertical strabismus on the affected side and tilting of the head to the sound side. The vertical deviation imitates ocular torticollis, there are, however, no signs of paresis nor a positive Bielschowski test. Treatment involves early opening of the coronal synostosis or later at least treatment of vertical strabismus. The authors operated successfully a 14-year-old girl with medium grade plagiocephaly. They describe the preoperative and postoperative state. The authors recommend, in case of asymmetry of the face and vertical strabismus, to consider the possible diagnosis of this anomaly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Aarskog's syndrome].

The authors described the rare Aarskog syndrome in a 6-year-old boy, associated with left-sided Brown's syndrome. Another 4-year-old boy came from an affected family where the brother suffered also from Aarskog's syndrome and in the mother some microsymptoms were detected. The authors recommend that patients who on examination of a refraction defect or strabism display uncommon features in the face or other parts of the body should be always subjected to a general examination incl. genetic examination.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of general anesthesia on the position of the eye].

In 100 children operated on account of strabismus the authors tried to assess whether changes in the position of the eyeballs during general anaesthesia with the stretch test can contribute towards the decision on the magnitude of the surgical operation. At the same time they compared changes in the position of the eyeballs during intubation anaesthesia by means of nitrous oxide and halothane with anaesthesia with ketamine, administered by the i.m. or i.v. route. They found that in 92% of the examined subjects the position of the eyeballs changed during general anaesthesia, most frequently the convergent deviation diminished. During ketamine anaesthesia the changes were more marked. The stretch test was in 73% of the patients normal, in 93% it was equal in both eyes. Based on the results, the authors conclude that neither the evaluation of changes of the eyeballs during general anaesthesia nor the stretch test can make the dosage of the surgical operation in concomitant strabismus more accurate.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1979

The decreased in vitro chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes of newborns and infants.

Using Boyden's technique, a statistically significant decrease in the chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes was found during the early postnatal period, i.e. in the cord blood and in blood of newborns within the first 10-15 d of life after stimulation of cells with both zymosan-activated adult serum (ZAS) and with an abacterial filtrate of Escherichia coli broth culture (ECF). After this period, the responsiveness of leukocytes to both chemotactic agents increased and remained at the same level during the whole observation period, i.e. up to the age of 6 months. Nevertheless even then it did not reach fully the responsiveness of the leukocytes of mothers and pregnant women. Zymosan-activated serum was shown to be a more potent chemotactic stimulus to leukocytes of infants as compared to the E. coli filtrate.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Skin-window study on the migration of leukocytes of newborns and infants.

Migration of leukocytes of newborns and of infants up to the age of 6 months was studied using the in vivo skin-window technique according to Rebuck. Using the non-specific stimulation (abrasion of the skin only) a slight age-dependent physiological increase of migration of cells was observed within the observation period; after a strong local irritation with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (Alditepera) there was a vigorous migratory response of cells in the skin lesion. Both quantitatively and qualitatively, the migration pattern (i.e. shift from PMN leukocyte to mononuclear cells in the exudate within a 1 d period after abrasion) was not influenced by immunization of infants with Alditepera, suggesting thus the nonspecific nature of this cellular response. The "normal" values of the chemotactic response of leukocytes of newborns and infants are given as a basis for evaluation of defects of this functional activity of leukocytes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

The bactericidal activity of sera of healthy neonates and of newborns with hyperbilirubinaemia to Escherichia coli.

Cord and newborn sera were found to possess a significantly decreased in vitro bactericidal activity to Escherichia coli as compared to sera of adult individuals. Hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates suffering from both Rh and ABO incompatibility results in a further significant impairment of the bactericidal activity of their sera in comparison with healthy newborn infants. Exchange transfusion improved considerably the serum bactericidal activity. The possible mechanism of toxic action of unconjugated bilirubin on cells of the immune system is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The bactericidal activity of sera of healthy neonates and newborns with hyperbilirubinaemia to E. coli.

Cord and newborn sera were found to possess a significantly decreased in vitro bactericidal activity to E. coli as compared to sera of adults. Hyperbilirubinaemia in neonataes suffering from both Rh and ABO incompatibility results in a further significant impairment of bactericidal activity of their sera in comparison to healthy newborn infants. Exchange transfusion considerably improved this serum antibacterial activity. The possible mechanism of toxic action of unconjugated bilirubin on the cells of the immune system is discussed.

Adolescent↗