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Biomedical subjects

L I Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to L I Andersen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Brain histology, blood-brain barrier and brain water after normothermic and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in pigs.

The effect of hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on cerebral histopathology, blood-brain barrier permeability to serum proteins and water content was evaluated. Pigs were subjected to non-pulsatile CPB for 2 h at either normothermia or hypothermia, and a group of anaesthetised pigs served as normothermic controls. The histopathology was assessed on paraffin embedded sections. The permeability of the cerebral vessels was studied by immunocytochemical demonstration of extravasated serum proteins. The cerebral water content was assessed by specific gravity measurements. The histological studies demonstrated hydropic degeneration of the brain parenchyma and perivascular swelling of the astrocytic endfeet throughout both white and gray matter in the normothermic CPB group. Similar changes were not encountered during hypothermic CPB, which suggests a beneficial effect of decreased temperatures on brain tissue during CPB. Neither normothermic nor hypothermic CPB induced significant changes in the cerebrovascular permeability or in the specific gravities.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of benign oesophageal disease in the Danish population with special reference to pulmonary disease.

A population sample, selected at random after stratification for the presence of pulmonary disease, was examined for benign oesophageal disease by means of a mailed questionnaire, which has been described in a previous report. Eight hundred and nine subjects without pulmonary disease, 264 with chronic bronchitis, and 248 with bronchial asthma answered the questionnaire. Subjects answering affirmatively to a discriminating combination of questions, as well as some of the participants with single symptoms and randomly selected controls without oesophageal symptoms, were invited to a clinical examination (n = 346). One hundred and seventy-five subjects accepted an invasive investigation, 86 without pulmonary disease and 89 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract was performed in 169 subjects, while 168 underwent pressure measurements of the oesophagus, and 113 had oesophageal 12-h pH measurements taken. On the basis of accepted definitions we found 114 subjects with benign oesophageal disease. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the discriminating combination in the non-COPD and COPD groups were 73.9%/42.9% and 89.5%/47.1% respectively. The predictive accuracy of the questionnaire in the non-COPD and COPD group was 0.41 and 0.56, respectively. Prevalence rates of benign oesophageal disease in the non-COPD and the COPD groups were 34.5% (20-49%) and 44.5% (34-55%) respectively (P less than 0.001). We estimated the prevalence rate in the general population to be about 30%.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Inability to elicit vagal responses from the acid-infused esophagus of pigs.

Acid application in the esophagus and esophageal distension were undertaken in pigs. One group (n = 9) had operatively induced esophagitis. The other group (n = 7) was normal. We found no discrepancy between the groups neither in inspiratory pressure nor in expiratory PCO2 nor in plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide. The results indicate inability to elicit vagal responses from the acid-infused esophagus of pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Validity of clinical symptoms in benign esophageal disease, assessed by questionnaire.

A questionnaire designed to test the value of questions identifying benign esophageal disease was sent to patients representing four well-defined entities: angina pectoris (n = 30), benign esophageal disease (n = 25), gastroduodenal ulcer or former gallstones (n = 27) and normal subjects (n = 38). By means of logistic regression, three key-questions were selected. A combination of an affirmative answer to "difficulty in swallowing solid food" and to "pain in the chest" or "heartburn at night" or both did not occur in the group of normal subjects, while occurring in 68% of the patients with esophageal diseases. The combination occurred in only 10% of the patients with angina pectoris and 15% of those suffering from gastroduodenal ulcer or gallstones. The predictive accuracy of the combination of the three questions is estimated for various hypothetic prevalences of esophageal disease. These questions appear to identify approximately two-thirds of individuals with esophageal disease with acceptable false-positive rates and can therefore be used in epidemiological studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Changes in serum zinc and serum albumin after operation for bronchogenic carcinoma.

Serum zinc and serum albumin were measured in 11 patients operated on for bronchogenic carcinoma and in six who underwent thoracotomy for nonmalignant disease. The postoperative changes in serum zinc values were identical in the two groups of patients, and could to some extent be explained by the changes in serum albumin. Earlier reports suggesting a prognostic value of serum zinc measurements in surgically treated bronchogenic cancer thus were not confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Brain microvascular function during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Emboli in the brain microvasculature may inhibit brain activity during cardiopulmonary bypass. Such hypothetical blockade, if confirmed, may be responsible for the reduction of cerebral metabolic rate for glucose observed in animals subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass. In previous studies of cerebral blood flow during bypass, brain microcirculation was not evaluated. In the present study in animals (pigs), reduction of the number of perfused capillaries was estimated by measurements of the capillary diffusion capacity for hydrophilic tracers of low permeability. Capillary diffusion capacity, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral metabolic rate for glucose were measured simultaneously by the integral method, different tracers being used with different circulation times. In eight animals subjected to normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, and seven subjected to hypothermic bypass, cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, and capillary diffusion capacity decreased significantly: cerebral blood flow from 63 to 43 ml/100 gm/min in normothermia and to 34 ml/100 gm/min in hypothermia and cerebral metabolic rate for glucose from 43.0 to 23.0 mumol/100 gm/min in normothermia and to 14.1 mumol/100 gm/min in hypothermia. The capillary diffusion capacity declined markedly from 0.15 to 0.03 ml/100 gm/min in normothermia but only to 0.08 ml/100 gm/min in hypothermia. We conclude that the decrease of cerebral metabolic rate for glucose during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass is caused by interruption of blood flow through a part of the capillary bed, possibly by microemboli, and that cerebral blood flow is an inadequate indicator of capillary blood flow. Further studies must clarify why normal microvascular function appears to be preserved during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pulmonary function and acid application in the esophagus.

The effect of acid application in the esophagus on pulmonary function was measured in three groups of patients in a double-blind investigation. Group 1 consisted of ten patients with esophagitis but without pulmonary disease, group 2 was 21 patients with bronchial asthma without esophagitis, and group 3 was eight patients with both esophagitis and bronchial asthma. Pulmonary function was assessed by total lung capacity (TLC), airway resistance (Raw), residual volume (RV), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). The four parameters were measured at the following five times during a single trial: before and after insertion of an esophageal catheter; after instillation of 50 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution; after instillation of 50 ml of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid; and after intravenous injection of atropine (0.01 mg/kg of body weight). A significant decrease (the Wilcoxon test, p less than 0.02; and the Mann-Whitney test, p less than 0.002) in PEF and a significant increase (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.002, respectively) in Raw after instillation of HCl were seen only in group 3. Changes in the other groups were small and without any regular pattern. Six of the patients in the third group accepted another trial after three days of pretreatment with atropine (0.01 mg/kg twice daily). Now instillation of acid did not produce any change in PEF or Raw (p less than 0.001). We conclude that a modest bronchoconstriction when acid is present in the esophagus is seen in patients with bronchial asthma and severe esophagitis. Atropine inhibits this bronchoconstriction, indicating vagal mediation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Umbilical vein bypass in patients with severe lower limb ischemia: a report of 121 consecutive cases.

In 112 patients with severe ischemia of the lower limb and without a suitable saphenous vein, 99 femoropopliteal and 22 femorodistal bypass procedures were performed with the modified human umbilical vein (Biograft, Meadox Medicals Inc., Oakland, N.J.). Seventy-eight percent of the operations were performed for limb salvage. In the remaining 22% the indication was severe disabling claudication. Forty-nine percent of the patients had previously undergone arterial reconstruction of the extremity in question. In 36% the distal anastomosis was to the popliteal artery above the knee, in 46% to the popliteal artery below the knee, and in 18% to one of the crural arteries. It was mandatory to perform an additional proximal reconstruction in 38% of the extremities. The observation time ranged from 6 to 60 months, with a mean of 24 months. Two patients died within the first month. The overall cumulative patency rate calculated by the life table method was 67.7% at 1 year, 61.2% at 2 years, and an unchanged 56.6% at 3 to 5 years. The cumulative patency rate in the limb salvage group was higher (58.6%) than the patency rate of the grafts implanted for claudication (46.5%, not significant). Graft patency decreased the more peripherally the distal anastomosis was situated, but we could demonstrate neither a significant relationship between graft patency and runoff nor any prognostic significance in the peroperatively measured flow values. Limb salvage calculated by the life table method was 86% at 1 year and 75.4% at 5 years. It is concluded that the umbilical vein graft is an acceptable alternative for bypass grafting in patients without a suitable autogenous vein.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The quadriceps angle and its relation to femoral torsion.

In 29 patients with patellofemoral complaints paired values of Q-angle and internal hip rotation were determined. In addition the patellar height index of Insall & Salvati (1971) was calculated from measurements on lateral radiographs of the knees. Both Q-angle and internal hip rotation were significantly higher in women than in men and there was a statistically significant correlation between these two measurements. There was no significant correlation between Q-angles and patellar height indexes. As external hip rotation can generally be taken as a measure of internal femoral torsion, these findings favour the hypothesis of a torsional malalignment syndrome of the patellofemoral joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Perichondrial autograft in traumatic chondromalacia patellae. Report of a case.

A case of clinically successful autografting of rib perichondrium to the patella in a 55-year-old woman suffering from painful traumatic chondromalacia patellae is reported. A postoperative arthrogram however did not show any significant regeneration of cartilage but arthroscopy revealed a smooth surface of cartilage on the patella. Biopsies were not performed.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1981

Chondromalacia patellae. The relation to abnormal patellofemoral joint mechanics.

Twenty-two patients treated non-operatively for chondromalacia patellae were followed up after an average of 5.7 years in order to evaluate the effect of abnormal patellofemoral biomechanics on the natural history of the symptoms. Clinical and radiological investigation revealed 15 patients with signs of malalignment, femoral trochlear dysplasia or excessive lateral pressure syndrome, 3 patients with marginal signs of malalignment and 4 patients with no demonstrable abnormalities. A statistically significant difference in the evolution of symptoms between the normal and the abnormal group is demonstrated, 14 out of 15 in the latter group having unchanged or worsened symptoms. The stage of chondromalacia change as judged arthrographically at the beginning of the observation period did not influence the clinical outcome.

Adolescent↗