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Biomedical subjects

L I Barmat

Publications and source records attributed to L I Barmat.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

The embryo toxicity of hydrosalpinx fluid is only apparent at high concentrations: an in vitro model that stimulates in vivo events.

OBJECTIVE: To simulate the in vivo model in studying the effect of hydrosalpinx fluid on embryonic development. DESIGN: Controlled prospective study. SETTING: Academic research center. PATIENT(S): Five hundred eighty-seven two-cell murine embryos. INTERVENTION(S): Embryos were grown under two sets of conditions. Half were cultured using 10% fetal calf serum in RPM1 medium in varying concentrations of hydrosalpinx fluid (0, 1%, 10%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). To more closely mimic the in vivo environment, the other half were grown in an endometrial coculture system with the same media and hydrosalpinx fluid concentrations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Embryonic development. RESULT(S): For each stage of embryogenesis, diminished development was noted with increasing concentrations of hydrosalpinx fluid. In the group of embryos grown without endometrial coculture, only at a minimum concentration of 50% hydrosalpinx fluid was diminished development noted for the blastocyst, hatching, and outgrowth stages. When an endometrial coculture system was used, development was not inhibited until exposure to a minimum of 75% hydrosalpinx fluid. Embryogenesis was enhanced when an endometrial coculture system was used for each concentration of hydrosalpinx fluid. CONCLUSION(S): When a model is used that more accurately mimics the in vivo conditions of IVF-ET in a patient with hydrosalpinges, it appears that high concentrations of hydrosalpinx fluid are required to signiticantly impede embryogenesis. The endometrium appears to help detoxify hydrosalpinx fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Are cytokines and growth factors responsible for the detrimental effects of hydrosalpingeal fluid on pregnancy rates after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer?

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the secretion of cytokines and growth factors in hydrosalpingeal fluid. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Hospital-based infertility practice. PATIENT(S): Ten infertile women who underwent laparoscopic aspiration of their hydrosalpingeal fluid before salpingectomy or neosalpingostomy. INTERVENTION(S): Samples were cryopreserved, then thawed and centrifuged to remove cellular debris. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The supernatants were analyzed for the presence of human interferon-gamma, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by quantitative enzyme immunoassay kits. RESULT(S): Interferon-gamma and transforming growth factor-beta2 were not detected in any of the hydrosalpingeal fluid samples. Epidermal growth factor was present in 5 of 10 hydrosalpingeal fluid samples, with a mean (+/- SE) concentration of 26.7+/-11.4 pg/mL. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was detected in 7 of 10 samples, with a mean (+/- SE) concentration of 6.2+/-3.6 pg/mL. Three of the 10 samples contained both tumor necrosis factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor. CONCLUSION(S): For the first time, we described the absence of interferon-gamma and transforming growth factor-beta2, and the presence of epidermal growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human hydrosalpingeal fluid. Because the fundamental role of the human fallopian tube is secretory in nature, the alteration in substances secreted from the tubal epithelium that reflux into the uterine cavity may explain the deleterious effects that hydrosalpingeal fluid has on pregnancy rates after IVF-ET.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1999

The effect of hydrosalpinges on IVF-ET outcome.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to determine if the presence of a hydrosalpinx effects the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of IVF cycle stimulation sheets. RESULTS: A total of 1000 patients with tubal factor infertility was analyzed. There were 60 hydrosalpinx patients who underwent 116 initiated cycles with 106 embryo transfers, compared to 940 control patients undergoing 1428 initiated cycles with 1150 embryo transfers. Both groups had a similar response to ovarian stimulation, number of oocytes retrieved, and number of embryos transferred. The hydrosalpinx group had a significantly higher preclinical loss rate (22/59 = 37% vs 80/566 = 14%; P = 0.001), a significantly lower implantation rate (55/352 = 16% vs 795/3795 = 21%; P = 0.013), a trend toward a reduced delivery rate per transfer (28/106 = 26% vs 387/1150 = 34%; P = 0.066), a significantly higher ectopic pregnancy rate (5/59 = 8% vs 16/566 = 3%; P = 0.04), and a similar spontaneous abortion rate (9/37 = 24% vs 99/486 = 20%; P = 0.28) compared to the control tubal factor group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a decrease in implantation rates and an increase in preclinical miscarriages and ectopic pregnancies in patients with hydrosalpinges compared to tubal-factor patients without sonographic evidence of dilated fallopian tubes.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1999

Autologous endometrial co-culture in patients with repeated failures of implantation after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of coculture on preembryo development and clinical outcome. METHODS: Enrolled patients underwent a luteal-phase endometrial biopsy. The tissue was then enzymatically digested (collagenase) and the stromal and glandular cells were separated by differential sedimentation rates. These cells were cultured to confluence, released, and then cryopreserved until the patient's in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET) cycle. All normally fertilized oocytes were then placed on the co-cultured cells until transfer on day 3. Preembryo development on co-culture was compared to that in the patient's noncocultured previous cycle. Implantation and clinical pregnancy rates were compared to those in a control group of patients undergoing IVF during the study period who were matched for age, stimulation protocol, number of oocytes retrieved, and preembryos transferred. RESULTS: Twenty-nine women underwent 31 cycles of IVF-ET. On day 3 the overall mean number of blastomeres per preembryo on co-culture compared to that in the patient's previous cycle was 6.3 +/- 1.8 vs. 5.6 +/- 1.2 (P = 0.04). The average percentage of cytoplasmic fragments on co-culture compared to the previous cycle was 16 +/- 9% vs. 19 +/- 9% (P = 0.32). At transfer, after preembryo selection, the mean number of blastomeres per preembryo on co-culture compared to that in the patient's previous cycle was 6.8 +/- 1.6 vs. 6.6 +/- 1.3 (P = 0.5). The implantation and clinical pregnancy rates between co-culture and the matched control group were 15% (14/93) vs. 13% (16/124) (P = 0.79) and 29% (9/31) vs. 25% (10/40) (P = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant improvement in the average number of blastomeres per preembryo on co-culture compared to that in the patient's previous noncoculture cycle. The overall implantation and clinical pregnancy rates between co-culture and a matched control group were not significantly different.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Oocyte donation: does a previous attempt affect a subsequent attempt?

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of a previous donor oocyte cycle on the outcome of subsequent attempts. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Oocyte donation program at The New York Hospital/Cornell Medical Center. PATIENT(S): Two hundred sixty-seven patients undergoing 354 fresh cycles of oocyte donation. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical outcomes were divided into groups based on the attempt number of each cycle for each patient. Results were calculated for each recipient cycle. RESULT(S): A clinical pregnancy rate of 56.2% and ongoing pregnancy/delivery rate per retrieval of 50.3% were noted. No statistically significant differences in clinical outcomes were found between the first, second, and third attempts. A significant increase was noted in the ongoing pregnancy/delivery rate per recipient cycle for the second attempt in those patients who had a delivery after the first attempt compared with those who did not. CONCLUSION(S): We demonstrated an overall clinical pregnancy rate of 56.2% and an ongoing pregnancy/delivery rate of 50.3% per retrieval. Outcome for the second attempt was associated with success or failure during an initial attempt at oocyte donation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Human preembryo development on autologous endometrial coculture versus conventional medium.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of autologous endometrial coculture versus conventional medium on preembryo development. DESIGN: Controlled systematic clinical study. SETTING: University-based IVF center. PATIENT(S): Women with a history of failed IVF-ET with poor preembryo quality. INTERVENTION(S): Patients underwent a luteal phase endometrial biopsy. The tissue then was digested enzymatically, and the stromal and glandular cells were separated by differential sedimentation rates. These cells were cultured to confluence, released, and then cryopreserved until the patient's IVF-ET cycle. All normally fertilized oocytes then were allocated systematically to growth on autologous endometrial coculture or conventional medium until transfer on day 3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Preembryo blastomere numbers and cytoplasmic fragmentation rates were measured. RESULT(S): Forty-two women underwent 44 cycles of IVF-ET. In the morning on day 3, the mean (+/-SD) number of blastomeres and cytoplasmic fragments per preembryo on coculture compared with conventional medium was 5.9+/-1.5 versus 5.5+/-1.4 and 21%+/-13% versus 24%+/-11. At transfer the mean (+/-SD) number of blastomeres per preembryo on coculture was 7.4+/-1.3 versus 6.7+/-1.9 on conventional medium. CONCLUSION(S): There was a significant improvement in the mean (+/-SD) number of blastomeres per preembryo and decrease in the fragmentation rate for preembryos on autologous endometrial coculture compared with noncocultured preembryos from the same patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor production by autologous endometrial co-culture is associated with outcome for in vitro fertilization patients with a history of multiple implantation failures.

PROBLEM: To determine whether granulocyte macrophage (GM)-colony stimulating factor (CSF) produced by autologous endometrial co-culture was associated with outcome in 53 patients with a history of multiple in vitro fertilization failures. METHOD OF STUDY: The conditioned media from endometrial co-culture cells exposed or non-exposed to human embryos was analyzed for GM-CSF. RESULTS: Exposure or non-exposure to an embryo did not result in an enhancement of GM-CSF production. Insignificant levels of GM-CSF were determined from media alone. ROC analysis revealed that levels of GM-CSF from supernatants of endometrial co-culture exposed to embryos that measured below 130 pg/ml reflected a diminished prognosis (5/17 had a positive pregnancy vs. 21/36 with GM-CSF levels greater than 130 pg/ml; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The improved outcome associated with GM-CSF values greater than 130 pg/ml may reflect: 1) a direct positive effect of GM-CSF; 2) an embryotrophic factor upregulated by GM-CSF; or, 3) that GM-CSF functions as a marker for the importance of the glandular component in endometrial co-culture systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Growth factor expression by human oviduct and buffalo rat liver coculture cells.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize growth factor gene expression by passaged coculture cell lines demonstrated to enhance in vitro pre-embryo growth. DESIGN: Ribonucleic acids isolated from the isthmus, ampullary, and fimbriae portions of the human oviduct, and from buffalo rat liver cell monolayers were subjected to Northern analysis using probes for growth factors. SETTING: Academic tertiary care hospital. PATIENT(S): Two reproductive age women undergoing a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy for benign gynecologic conditions consented to experimental use of their oviducts. INTERVENTION(S): Cell cultures were established from fresh human oviduct segments and commercially purchased buffalo rat liver cells. After two passages, total RNA was isolated from these confluent monolayers, fractionated on denaturing agarose gels, transferred to nylon membranes, and analyzed by Northern hybridization using complementary DNAs from epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor, also known as Kit-ligand, colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF), leukemia inhibitory factor, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Radioactively labeled probes were prepared by in vitro transcription or by 5' end labeling. After hybridization, blots were washed at increasing strigencies to remove nonspecifically bound radioactivity and subjected to autoradiography. RESULT(S): Human oviduct coculture cells express EGF (kit-ligand), CSF, leukemia inhibitory factor, and IL-6. Buffalo rat liver cells contain the messenger RNA transcripts for kit-ligand and CSF. CONCLUSION(S): Human oviduct and buffalo rat liver coculture cells express specific growth factors. These results support the theory that coculture systems may enhance pre-embryo growth via the production of embryotrophic factors. The identification of these ligands may provide the rationale for selecting specific growth factors for media supplementation as well as contribute to our understanding of the general mechanisms involved in regulating early embryonic growth and development.

Animals↗