Division 40 special presentation: listing of training programs in clinical neuropsychology--2000.
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Education↗
Biomedical subjects
L I Cripe
Publications and source records attributed to L I Cripe.
Multivariate discriminant function analysis of neurologic, pain, and psychiatric patients with the MMPI.
The ability of the MMPI to classify five well-defined patient groups was investigated (N = 394; control, neurologic, psychiatric, chronic pain, and random). Clinical inspection and discriminant function analyses of basic clinical and research scales could not classify groups correctly, but discriminant function analyses of 37 variables loaded with CNS items (Cripe Neurologic Symptom items) correctly classified the groups with 78% overall accuracy (70% of neurologic, 62% of psychiatric, 81% of pain, 84% of controls, and 100% random). Results indicate that differential diagnosis is not possible with clinical inspection of scales, but complex statistical analysis of the MMPI is potentially useful in diagnosis and decision making. A method for applying the discriminant function analysis to individual cases is provided.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Assessment of brain impairment with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: a comparison with other neuropsychological measures.
In this study the effectiveness of The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) at assessing patients with mixed brain impairment was compared with that of a number of other commonly used neuropsychological measures. Subjects were 50 patients with a mixture of medically confirmed neuropathologies, and 50 controls with no evidence of neurological history. Groups were equated for age, education, and sex. The AVLT was administered as pan of a full neuropsychological battery. Results indicated that all seven AVLT recall trials and the total of Trials I-V could significantly differentiate between the two groups (p <.001). The AVLT trial V score performed best (U = 457.5, p <.0001), correctly predicting group membership for 74% of the subjects. This hit-rate was better than any other single test on the Halstead-Reitan or Dodrill batteries, and was surpassed only by the Dodrill Discrimination Index. The potential usefulness of this test as part of a neuropsychological battery is discussed.
Journal Article↗
Analysis of errors on the Trail Making Test.
This study was designed to determine whether the number and/or types of errors on the Trail Making Test differentiated head-injured and normal control subjects. Errors on Part B were categorized into two types of shifting errors (from number to letter and from letter to number) and two types of sequencing errors (number and letter). Subjects consisted of 133 head-injured patients and 145 normal controls. Analysis showed that the frequency of errors on Parts A and B did not differ significantly between the groups nor did the percentage of subjects making errors. Total shifting and sequencing errors also did not differentiate between the two groups. Although head-injured subjects were more likely than controls to err in shifting from letters to numbers, this finding was of no apparent clinical usefulness. The discriminative value of time scores was confirmed.
Brain Damage, Chronic↗
The MMPI in neuropsychological assessment: a murky measure.
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is commonly used in neuropsychological assessment in hope of ferreting out the presence of psychiatric disorders and "emotional factors". This paper discusses whether or not the MMPI can in fact do this intended task. The conclusion is that the MMPI is a poor measure of emotional adjustment and a poor aide to differential psychiatric diagnosis because the question pool is contaminated by questions that can be endorsed by neurologic and other medical patients for reasons other than emotional maladjustment or psychiatric disorder. Several MMPI scales may be elevated in a neurologic patient's profile simply because his/her symptoms are consistent with a neurologic disorder and are not necessarily a reflection of pathological adaptation or poor emotional adjustment. The safe assumptions to make in interpreting the MMPIs of neurologic patients are presented. The need to use a comprehensive assessment process to understand personality, psychological reaction, and psychiatric disorder is emphasized.
Editorial↗