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Biomedical subjects

L Israël

Publications and source records attributed to L Israël.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

In vivo nonspecific macrophage chemotaxis in cancer patients and its correlation with extent of disease, regional lymph node status, and disease-free survival.

We have used a test to evaluate macrophage migration in vivo, derived from the technique of Rebuck. The test is based on counting the absolute number of macrophages that migrate into an inflammatory site determined by a standardized superficial skin abrasion. It was applied to the study of macrophage migration in cancer patients in different clinical situations. Macrophage migration was virtually abolished in patients with metastatic cancer as compared to healthy controls. In patients with resectable breast and lung tumors, the test performed preoperatively correlated closely with lymph node status as determined by pathological examination after operation. Patients without lymph node involvement showed a significantly stronger response than did controls, whereas those with lymph node involvement had a diminished or even an abolished response. Distinctive subgroups were characterized among patients both with and without lymph node involvement on the basis of their macrophage response, and these subgroups proved to have distinctly different prognoses, particularly the patients without lymph node involvement with a poor macrophage response who had an unusually poor prognosis. It is concluded that this test shows potential for predicting the prognosis among categories of patients hitherto considered as homogeneous, although further evaluation in larger numbers of patients is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Treatment of squamous cell carcinomas with prolonged, continuous infusions of bleomycin and cisplatinum. A first series of 80 cases with 75% objective response (author's transl)].

Eighty consecutive patients with measurable and assessable squamous cell carcinoma of the head or neck, lung, oesophagus and uterine cervix received one to four courses of combined bleomycin and cis-platinum treatment. Each course lasted 5 to 6 days during which bleomycin was administered by continuous intravenous infusion and cis-platinum was given daily. If there was no evidence of toxicity or progressive disease, courses were repeated every 3 weeks to a total bleomycin dose of 150 mg/m2. A 75% objective response rate was obtained, with one case of progressive disease and no prohibitive toxic reaction. These results suggest that cytostatic drugs with low bone marrow toxicity can be given for prolonged periods and throw some doubt on the alleged resistance of squamous cell carcinomas to chemotherapy.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1981

[A 5 consecutive day combination of CIS platinum and bleomycin in squamous cell bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)].

Twenty patients with inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (14 previously untreated and 6 previously treated) received a combination of bleomycin and cis-platinum for 6 consecutive days every 3 or 4 weeks. Pulmonary toxicity was minimal with only one case of reversible bleomycin-induced acute interstitial pneumopathy. The response rate was 65 p.cent. Thirteen patients had an objective response, including 5 apparently complete regressions. All responders were previously untreated patients. The results are discussed in the light of pharmacokinetic and cell kinetic data, and lead to a proposal for a non-conventional combined approach in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, hitherto relatively unresponsive to chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Immunosuppressive effects of acute phase reactant proteins. Physiopathological role in cancer patients (author's transl)].

Several acute phase reactants have been shown by us and by others to reach abnormally high levels in cancer patients, the more so when the disease is disseminated. These glycoproteins have been tested in vitro for their ability to interfere with PHA blastogenesis and monocyte chemotactism of mononucleated cells from normal donors. It is shown that, used at the concentration they reach in cancer patients, haptoglobin fibrinogen, alpha 2-macroglobulin and transferrin inhibit both tests, whereas orosomucoid inhibits only the in vitro chemotactism of monocytes. It is proposed that these glycoproteins, synthesized by the liver in a response to inflammatory stimuli, are protecting the tumors against immune mechanisms of the host and are therefore part of the immune escape mechanism employed by the tumors.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1980

Testing the monocyte-macrophage system in human cancer.

The participation of the monocyte-macrophages cells in the host immune defence mechanisms against cancer has been recognized since a few years. Testing this component of host homeostasis appears as an additional tool necessary for evaluation of immune deficiency in cancer patient. We review here the most current tests used in the frame of such an evaluation, and also the most interesting results.

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗
PubMed1979

[Preliminary results of postoperative trial therapy of epidermoid cancer of the lung (European Organization for Research on the Treatment of Cancer, Bronchus Group. Protocol 08741)].

650 patients entered the study between 5/74 and 4/79 and are currently evaluable. Prior to entry, all underwent complete resection of squamous cell bronchial carcinoma. Patients were initially randomized to receive radiotherapy versus no radiotherapy. Following that a second stage randomization ascribed patients to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, immunochemotherapy and observation. Current analysis of results shows that : 1. Patients with negative nodes did not benefit from post-operative radiotherapy; on such patients, survival was significantly shorter following radiotherapy. 2. In patients with positive nodes, post-operative radiotherapy prevented local recurrence, but did not prolong survival. The data from the second stage randomization are currently being analyzed.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

In vivo and in vitro studies on nonspecific blocking factors of host origin in cancer patients. Role of plasma exchange as an immunotherapeutic modality.

Experimental and clinical data are reviewed on elevated glycoprotein levels in tumor-bearing animals and patients at various stages of disease advancement. The authors report their findings in 232 patients with various solid tumors; these confirm and extend the reports in the literature. It is shown that some of these glycoproteins, rich in sialic acid, exhibit immunosuppressive properties in vitro, and it is suggested that tumors may protect themselves by triggering hepatic synthesis of sialoglycoproteins which "coat" the binding sites of both immunocompetent cells and tumor cells and thereby abrogate recognition and killing of the latter by the immune system. This concept of nonspecific blocking factors of host origin has already been substantiated to some extent by observations on the consequences of plasma exchange in 24 patients with metastatic tumors; eight of these patients exhibited an objective tumor regression. It is suggested that such studies should be extended to postoperative patients and that circulating sialoglycoprotein assays could be one of the ways of monitoring tumor growth, including growth during the nonvisible phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunological and plasma protein changes in cancer patients following a single plasmapheresis.

Serial serum protein determinations and immunological monitoring were performed prior to and following a single 4 to 5 liter plasma exchange in 10 patients with disseminated cancer. The most consistent changes were observed for two initially elevated alpha globulins, acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin, which declined rapidly in all patients 1 hour after plasmapheresis and began to rise again as early as 24 hours post-plasmapheresis to reach initial levels by 72 hours. Among the immunological parameters T and B cell counts, and phytohemaglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation showed little change. In 4 out of 10 patients C3 levels dropped at 1 hour post-plasmapheresis and continued to decline to 24 hours, suggesting that consumption of C3 possibly by macrophages may have occurred. In view of our earlier reports that repeated plasmapheresis induced partial tumor regressions in patients with disseminated cancer and that these regressions may have been related to depletion of immunosuppressive serum proteins, it is suggested that to maintain levels of these rapidly renewed proteins at a minimum for as long as possible, it is most appropriate to perform plasmapheresis every 48 hours rather than every 72 or 96 hours as was the case in the earlier study.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Daily intravenous infusions of Corynebacterium parvum in twenty patients with disseminated cancer: a preliminary report of clinical and biologic findings.

Twenty terminally ill patients with various disseminated tumors were treated with daily iv infusions of Corynebacterium parvum given alone at doses of 4 mg/day, 5 days/week, for 4-16 weeks. In 8 patients (40%), the lesions partially regressed to less than 50% of their original size. Another patient who did not improve with C. parvum therapy had a complete remission after the first course of chemotherapy. Skin tests, total leukocyte counts, and T- and B-cell counts revealed variable and unpredictable changes. Phytohemagglutinin- and concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis tended to increase. Of 10 patients, 8 had a significant decrease in serum C3 levels after completion of C. parvum therapy, possibly due to an increased C3 consumption by macrophages activated by the immunostimulant. That nonspecific immune stimulation after repeated iv infusions of an immunostimulant can by itself induce regression in disseminated disease does not agree with the current concept that immunotherapy can be effective only against minimal residual disease. The therapeutic procedure proposed here, though frequently associated with moderate short-lasting side effects, is devoid of serious toxicity.

B-Lymphocytes↗