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Biomedical subjects

L J Duncan

Publications and source records attributed to L J Duncan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

HLA and pancreatic islet cell antibodies in diabetes.

The frequency of HLA-B8 was significantly increased in pancreatic islet cell antibody (P.I.C.A)-positive patients (61%) compared with P.I.C.A.-negative patients (35%) and a control population (28%). This increased frequency of HLA-B8 was even more striking in diabetics in whom P.I.C.A. persisted for more than 5 years (71%). Thus the association of HLA-B8 with diabetes may be related to the presence of P.I.C.A. in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Abdominal pain in diabetic metabolic decompensation. Clinical significance.

Severe abdominal pain and tenderness occured in 46 of 211 episodes of severe diabetic metabolic decompensation. No association was found between abdominal pain and the degree of dehydration or the initial blood glucose level. In 17 instances, the abdominal pain could be attributed to the precipitating cause of the metabolic decompensation. The episodes of unexplained pain all occurred insulin-dependent patients less than 40 years of age; of these, only three had a plasma bicarbonate level greater than 10 mEq/liter, and in two patients, additional factors could account for the relative lack of ketoacidosis. Abdominal pain occurring in patients more than 40 years old, irrespective of the plasma bicarbonate level, and in patients of any age with a plasma bicarbonate level in excess of 10 mEq/liter, almost invariably indicates a specific underlying cause.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1975

[Duration of effective hypoglycaemic action of glipizide given once daily (author's transl)].

The clinically effective duration of blood glucose lowering action of a new hypoglycaemic sulphonylurea, glipizide, given in single before breakfast dosage (up to 20 mg) has been studied in 20 apparently insulin-independent diabetics. All, on diet only, had persistent overnight 1-2% glycosuria, fasting glycaemia in excess of 150 mg/100ml, random mid-morning glycaemia of at least 250 mg/100ml and associated clinical symptoms. Eighteen were satisfactorily controlled over the observation period of six months by single daily dosage (mean 10 mg daily); in addition considerable improvement in glucose tolerance occurred. Complementary in-patients indicated that, within the range of dosage studied, there was no therapeutic advantage in taking glipizide twice daily.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Cell-mediated immunity in diabetes mellitus; lymphocyte transformation by insulin and insulin fragments in insulin-treated and newly-diagnosed diabetes.

Using a radioisotope labeling technic, the ability of bovine and porcine insulin antigens to induce lymphocyte transformation was tested with cells from the peripheral blood of thirty nondiabetic controls, fifty established insulin-dependent diabetics with no evidence of insulin allergy, and ten newly diagnosed diabetics (five untreated, five insulin-treated for less than three weeks). Lymphocytes from twenty-six (42 per cent) of the diabetics showed significant blastogenesis to bovine or porcine insulin, as compared with two (7 per cent) of controls; the phenomenon was shown by both established and newly diagnosed patients including four who had never recieved insulin. The results indicate that cellular hypersensitivity to insulin, as judged by an in vitro test, is relatively common in insulin-treated diabetics without in vivo evidence of allergy, and suggest that hypersensitivity may also be present in untreated diabetics. Lymphocytes from twenty-one of the twenty-six diabetics who responded to intact insulin were further tested using bovine and porcine insulin A chain bovine B chain as antigens. The A chain of either insulin induced significant blastogenesis in only one diabetic but bovine B chain induced significant blastogenesis in fourteen (67 per cent) of the patients tested. These results suggest that B chain is the major antigenic site determining cellular hypersensitivity to insulin. Diabetes 24:36-43, January, 1975.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of injection techniques for soluble and protamine zinc insulins in diabetes mellitus.

Soluble and protamine zinc insulins were given to six insulin-dependent diabetic patients using three different techniques of administration to determine whether the recommended single injection of the insulins, from separate syringes with the needle redirected, compared more closely with separate injections or with a single injection from the same syringe. It was shown that the mixture of the two insulins in the same syringe resulted in both a significant loss of the initial rapid effect of soluble insulin and an increased protamine zinc action with the risk of late night-time hypoglycaemia. A single injection of the insulins, using separate syringes and redirecting needle, gave at least as satisfactory control of the 24-hour blood glucose profile as when they were given by separate injections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Testicular pain sensation in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

Testicular sensation was examined in 32 male diabetics with symptoms suggestive of autonomic neuropathy to evaluate its usefulness as a clinical sign in this condition. Vascular reflex responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre and sustained handgrip and blood pressure fall on standing were measured as objective tests of autonomic involvement. Absent or diminished testicular sensation correlated well both with the clinical features of autonomic neuropathy, except where impotence occurred alone, and with abnormal vascular reflexes. Most patients with impotence alone had normal testicular sensation and normal vascular reflexes. It is concluded that this sign is useful in diabetics with impotence, the presence of intact testicular sensation indicating that the impotence is unlikely to be due to autonomic neuropathy.

Achilles Tendon↗