Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L J Francis.
The psychometric properties of an improved 6-item form of the Eysenck Psychoticism scale are examined among three samples of clergy, 1,227 Anglican clergywomen, 1,468 Roman Catholic male priests, and 1,321 male and female Methodist ministers. On the basis of these data the scale is commended for further use.
A sample of 1,021 young people attending Years 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 at Catholic secondary schools within the state-maintained sector completed the Dutch translation of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity. The data support its reliability and validity and commend it for further use in studies conducted among young people in The Netherlands.
The Hebrew translation of the Oxford Happiness Inventory and the short form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were completed by 298 undergraduate women in Israel. The findings confirm the internal reliability of the Hebrew translation of the Oxford Happiness Inventory and support the construct validity according to which "happiness is a thing called stable extraversion."
A sample of 242 students between the ages of 16 and 18 years, attending schools in the North East of England, completed the Bradburn Balanced Affect Scale together with the abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The findings show that scores on the Bradburn scale (indicating psychological well-being as assessed by balanced affect) are correlated significantly and positively with scores for Extraversion (.25), negatively with Neuroticism (.52) and nonsignificantly with Psychoticism. The implications of these findings are discussed for the assessment of psychological well-being among introverts.
A sample of 11,173 13-15 year old secondary school pupils completed a scale of attitude towards substance use alongside the short form of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, measures of personal religiosity and an index of denominational identity. The data demonstrate that a negative attitude toward substance use is associated with tendermindedness, introversion, stability and social conformity. Personal religiosity and membership of Protestant sects are also positively correlated with rejection of substance use, even after controlling for individual differences in personality.
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A sample of 50 retired civil servants completed the Bradburn Balanced Affect Scale together with measures of personal prayer and public church attendance. No significant association emerged between psychological well-being and religion.
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A sample of 392 girls between the ages of 11 and 16 years attending a state-maintained single-sex Catholic secondary school completed six semantic differential scales of attitudes toward school and toward lessons concerned with English, music, religion, mathematics, and sports, together with information about paternal employment and their personal practice of prayer. The relationship between personal prayer and attitude toward school after controlling for age and social class was positive.
A sample of 236 16- to 19-yr.old female A level students studying in the north east of England completed the short form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire together with indices of prayer and church attendance. The data support the view that psychoticism is correlated with self-reported church attendance (r = -.15) and self-reported prayer (r = -.15), while scores on neither extraversion nor neuroticism are correlated with these indices of religiosity.
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A detailed questionnaire was mailed to 3,510 Anglican clergy with active responsibility for churches. Analyses showed a lower response rate among older clergy.
A sample of 4753 13-15 year olds attending the third and fourth year classes of 29 secondary schools completed a questionnaire concerned with attitudes towards the use of alcohol, butane gas, glue, heroin, marijuana and tobacco, together with indices of religious affiliation, belief and practice. The data demonstrated that young adolescents' attitudes towards drug use varies considerably from one substance to another and that religiosity is a significant predictor of attitudes towards the use of each of the substances included in the survey.
This paper describes the development of a 16-item Likert scale of attitude towards alcohol. Data derived from 315 individuals, concerned with various forms of youth work in England, demonstrate that both denominational affiliation and frequency of church attendance are significant determinants of attitudes towards alcohol. Membership of the Free Churches and frequent church attendance are associated with less liberal attitudes. These conclusions are discussed against the background of previous discrepant findings relating religiosity with alcohol use and abuse and contemporary sociological theories regarding the compartmentalisation of religious beliefs.
Fifty female drug misusers completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity on entry to a Christian residential rehabilitation programme. The data confirm the deviant personality profile of drug misusers, who score high on psychoticism and neuroticism and low on extroversion and the lie scale, and demonstrate that the general findings relating religious attitudes to the Eysenckian dimensions of personality among normal populations also hold good among this deviant group, thereby confirming the generalisability of the conclusion that it is psychoticism, rather than neuroticism or extroversion, which is fundamental to religiosity. The practical relevance of these findings is discussed for rehabilitation programmes which include spiritual or religious components.
Ninety-two male and 20 female clergy completed the short-form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Eysenck, Eysenck, & Barrett, 1985) and the Francis Scale of Attitude Towards Christianity (Francis & Stubbs, 1987). The findings support Eysenck's central theory regarding an inverse relationship between psychoticism scores and religious attitudes, and they confirm the view that neuroticism scores are also implicated in predicting the intensity of religious attitudes among the religiously committed.
The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was completed by 40 male clergy attending a residential conference in England. The data suggest that conference-going clergy are more extraverted than clergy in general.