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Biomedical subjects

L J Hall

Publications and source records attributed to L J Hall.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Verifying the stroke-free phenotype by structured telephone interview.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Case-control, cohort, and twin studies support a genetic contribution to ischemic stroke risk. Sibling pair linkage methods require identification of concordant or discordant siblings or both. We designed and tested a structured telephone interview to verify the stroke-free phenotype. METHODS: A coordinator unaware of medical record data used an 8-item questionnaire to conduct a structured telephone interview of 70 outpatients aged >60 years. The questionnaire inquired about the sudden onset of deficits in strength, sensation, vision, and language. A subject was defined as stroke free by interview if responses to all items on the questionnaire were negative. Results of the telephone interview were compared with data obtained from a systematic medical record review (benchmark). RESULTS: Interview time was 5 minutes or less for all subjects. All subjects who began the interview completed it. Records were reviewed in all subjects. Medical record review detected ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), or both, in 5 patients (7%). There were no significant differences in sex distribution or risk factor rates in patients who were designated stroke free or not stroke free by interview. Having 1 or more positive items on the questionnaire was significantly associated with finding stroke (P<0.001), TIA (P<0.001), or either stroke or TIA (P<0.001), on medical record review. The telephone interview had a sensitivity of 1.0 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.0), specificity of 0.86 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.93), positive predictive value of 0.36 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.65), and negative predictive value of 1.0 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Our instrument can identify the stroke-free individual with a high degree of confidence in a very efficient manner. It may be particularly suited for centralized verification of stroke discordancy in multicentered sib-pair genetic studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Recognition of facial emotional expressions from moving and static displays by individuals with mental retardation.

Moving and static videotaped and photographic displays of posed emotional expressions were presented to 12 adults with mental retardation and 12 without mental retardation to investigate the role of movement in the recognition of facial expressions of emotion. Participants chose the corresponding emotion portrayed by the displays from among six written and pictorial labels of the emotions. Results indicated that individuals with mental retardation were significantly poorer at identifying anger, fear, disgust, and surprise. Both groups performed significantly better on the moving as opposed to the static videotaped displays of the emotions sad and angry. Visual-perceptual limitations are likely contributors to the poorer performance of the group with mental retardation in recognizing moving and static facial expressions of emotion.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Gender difference in jaw pain induced by clenching.

Seven normal male and seven normal female volunteers performed three types of biting exercises: an intermittent contraction at maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) to pain intolerance; a ramp intermittent contraction starting at 10% MVBF and increasing 10% every 10 s; and a sustained biting at 100% MVBF to pain intolerance. The following measurements were made on the first and second days before exercise: a pre- and post-exertional overall jaw pain level; maximum pain-free jaw opening; bilateral masseter pressure pain threshold (PPT) and intolerance (PPI). The results showed that only females presented an increased overall pain level on the second day and a significant decrease in pain-free jaw opening, but no significant decrease of PPT and PPI. These results suggest that females respond differently than males to exertional jaw pain, by increasing their pain response 24 h later.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Clearance of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in rabbits.

The pharmacokinetics of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) after an intravenous bolus injection was studied in rabbits. Clearance of TFPI was followed by measurement of the radioactivity of the 125I-labelled compound in the whole plasma or the trichloroacetic acid precipitate and by quantitation of the functional TFPI activity of the unlabelled compound using a tissue factor-induced coagulation assay. When iodinated TFPI was used, the ratios of the trichloroacetic acid precipitable counts vs. that of the whole plasma was about 1 in the first 10 min after TFPI injection, but this ratio gradually decreased to less than 0.5 after 2 h. This result suggested that the iodinated TFPI in the plasma was partially degraded after prolonged circulation in the animal. When unlabelled TFPI was used, the clearance of TFPI activity from the plasma exhibited bi-exponential elimination kinetics with a rapid alpha phase half-life (t1/2 alpha) of 2.3 min, and a terminal beta phase half-life (t1/2 beta) of 79 min. The plasma clearance was 4.2 ml kg-1 min-1. The tissue distribution of intravenously administered 125I-TFPI in the rabbit was studied using whole-body autoradiography. At 3 min after dosing, significant levels of TFPI were apparent in the liver, kidney, and other highly blood perfused tissues. Significant levels of 125I-TFPI-derived radioactivity were also apparent in the liver and kidney at 30 min after intravenous administration. The localization within the liver demonstrated a mottled appearance, suggesting regions of higher uptake within the liver. In the kidney, the outer cortex consistently revealed the highest activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Functional analysis of the rat insulin-like growth factor I gene and identification of an IGF-I gene promoter.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mediates many of the systemic growth-promoting effects of growth hormone and also functions as a locally acting growth stimulator. In mammals, IGF-I gene expression is complicated, as the gene is transcribed and processed into multiple mRNAs (ranging in length from less than 1 to nearly 7.5 kb) that encode at least two protein precursors. As a step toward understanding the regulation of IGF-I, we report the complete organization of the rat IGF-I gene, including identification of the structural determinants for all IGF-I mRNA species, and an initial functional analysis of its promoters. The gene is composed of 6 exons distributed over nearly 80 kb of chromosomal DNA and is structurally heterogeneous. Several transcription start sites were identified within IGF-I exons 1 and 2, adjacent to presumptive promoters 1 and 2, respectively, and at least three polyadenylation sites were mapped to exon 6. To test promoter function, fusion genes were constructed linking fragments of IGF-I DNA to a reporter plasmid. Chimeric genes containing at least 395 bp of DNA from the 5'-flanking region of exon 1 enhanced luciferase activity after transfection into the IGF-I-producing SK-N-MC cell line, while fusion plasmids containing up to 1,300 bp of DNA from the 5'-flanking region of exon 2 were inactive. Relative levels of IGF-I mRNAs containing exons 1 or 2 varied among different rat tissues, although in response to acute or chronic growth hormone treatment both classes of transcripts were induced coordinately in rat liver. These observations represent the first thorough characterization of a mammalian IGF-I gene, and provide a starting point for defining the mechanisms by which growth hormone and other trophic factors regulate IGF-I gene expression.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Preschool siblings of handicapped children: interactions with mothers, brothers, and sisters.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine similarities and differences between young (aged 3 years to 6 years 9 months) siblings of handicapped and nonhandicapped children in their behavioral interactions with their mothers, brothers, and sisters. Behavior of mothers toward the different groups of children also was examined. Results revealed few differences between sibling groups in the quantity or quality of their interactions with family members. In comparison to the matched control children, siblings of handicapped children engaged in more parallel play and social play, and were more nurturing but no more likely to interact aggressively or to be commanding or directive with their brothers or sisters. Mothers in the experimental group were found to target significantly more nurturant behaviors toward their children compared to control mothers and were significantly more likely to deliver commands, directives, and reprimands to siblings of handicapped children than to any other child. Results are discussed in terms of their correspondence to previous observational and interview research.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Gastroduodenal artery-duodenal fistula: a complication of continuous floxuridine (FUDR) infusion into the gastroduodenal artery.

This case report describes a patient who for 31 months has received regional intrahepatic chemotherapy from a continuous infusion pump and who developed a gastroduodenal artery-duodenal fistula, a previously unreported complication of regional infusion therapy. The patient presented with signs and symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The clinical evaluation and management are described. An angiogram was performed through the auxillary septum to identify the source of bleeding. The possible etiologic factors in this case are discussed. We believe that this complication will continue to be rare, but health care providers should be aware of its presentation and its preferred method of evaluation and management.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Evolution of insulin-like growth factor II: characterization of the mouse IGF-II gene and identification of two pseudo-exons.

We have cloned the mouse insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) gene as a series of overlapping cosmid and lambda recombinants and have characterized its six exons. The gene extends over approximately 12 kb of mouse chromosome 7 and is located 18 kb 3' to the insulin 2 gene and in the same transcriptional polarity. Exons 1-3 encode distinct 5' untranslated regions and are transcribed by three different promoters, P1, P2, and P3, into three IGF-II mRNAs sharing common coding and 3' untranslated sequences. Promoters P2 and P3 each contain a TATA box and appear to direct transcription from single initiation sites. By contrast, exon 1 has three major transcriptional start sites distributed over 556 nucleotides, and P1 lacks a TATA region and other typical transcriptional control sequences. Exons 4-6 code for the 180-amino-acid IGF-II precursor, and exon 6 also contains a 3,045-nucleotide 3' untranslated region which ends at a single polyadenylation site. In addition to six functional IGF-II exons, we identified two 5' "pseudo-exons," which appear to be evolutionarily retained remnants of an alternative promoter-exon cassette that is active in human IGF-II. Loss of the homolog of this promoter, which directs "adult-specific" expression of the IGF-II gene in some human tissues, may explain the disappearance of this growth factor from most murine tissues in the early postnatal period.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

T-tube with tragus cartilage flange in long-term middle ear ventilation.

This was a study of the use of tragus cartilage as a flange for a T-tube in the hope of achieving long-term middle ear ventilation. This procedure was performed on 31 ears in 25 patients. Average length of follow-up was 24.2 months, ranging from 6 to 39 months. Five patients had tympanomastoid procedures done in conjunction with the cartilage tube. One of the patients with a tympanomastoid procedure had rejection of the T-tube and cartilage at 11 months postoperatively. None of the tubes without another procedure was rejected.

Bioprosthesis↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of two non-disconnect CAPD delivery systems.

Intraluminal transmission of bacteria remains a significant factor in the morbidity and procedural success of CAPD. A worsening rate of peritonitis in a longstanding CAPD program (first patients 1978) led to a search for a system which might allow a lesser rate of peritonitis. Simplicity in the procedure was a requirement. For this reason disconnect systems were not considered. The Travenol spike system was prospectively compared with Delmed leur lock in terms of rate of peritonitis and difficulty in training. The former had been used by the center since inception of the CAPD program. 28 patients new to CAPD were alternately assigned to each system without other bias, including diagnosis, age, sex, or race. The study, while ongoing, was analyzed at 12 months. 66 patient months were involved with each system. The peritonitis rates were: 2.2 episodes: patient year with the Travenol; 0.9 episode:patient year for the Delmed systems. The Delmed system appears to provide a lower rate of peritonitis. In addition, less manual dexterity, steadiness, and hand eye coordination are necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Psychosocial characteristics of preschool siblings of handicapped and nonhandicapped children.

This project examined psychosocial characteristics of 24 preschool-aged siblings of handicapped children in relation to a control group of 22 siblings of nonhandicapped children. Subjects were matched on family size and income, sibling age, birth order, sex, age spacing, and marital status of their parents. Results indicated no statistically significant differences between groups of children on measures of perceived self-competence and acceptance, understanding of developmental disabilities, empathy, and child care responsibility. Significant group differences were found where brothers of handicapped children were rated by their mothers as being more depressed and aggressive than brothers of nonhandicapped control children. Sisters of handicapped children were rated by mothers as being more aggressive than sisters of nonhandicapped children. Sisters of handicapped children and brothers of nonhandicapped children had significantly fewer privileges and more restrictions on their home activities than other groups. Results are discussed in relation to previous research on older siblings of handicapped children and the general literature on family stress and childhood disability and disease. The importance of examining sibling functioning via multiple measures of child behavior is stressed.

Aggression↗
PubMed1986

Reye's syndrome. An epidemiologic analysis of mild disease.

Patients with Reye's syndrome (RS) whose degree of severity was classified as stage 0 (alert and awake) were compared with patients with a severity classification of stage 1 or greater. The Centers for Disease Control case definition and staging criteria were used. Two hundred twenty-seven patients with RS were investigated by the Ohio Department of Health from Dec 1, 1978, through March 31, 1980. There were 67 identified patients who never exceeded stage 0 and 160 patients classified as stage 1 or greater. Both groups of patients were compared according to demographic features, symptomatology, medication use during the antecedent illness, and laboratory findings during the RS illness. Stage 0 patients were similar to patients at stage 1 or greater in their demographic features, illnesses, medications preceding RS, and results of liver function tests; however, values of serum ammonia, creatine phosphokinase, prothrombin time, and bilirubin increased with RS severity.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1984

Physical therapy treatment results for 178 patients with temporomandibular joint syndrome.

This article is based on a study of 178 patients with the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome and a review of the literature, including diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment. Patients were treated by means of physical therapy, with relief of muscle and joint symptoms in 64 percent of the patients and a recurrence rate of 20 percent. Ear symptoms were relieved in 54 percent of the patients with a 32 percent recurrence rate. X-ray findings are also reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Reye's syndrome and medication use.

Ninety-seven Reye's syndrome (RS) cases in Ohio children with onsets from December 1978 through March 1980 were studied for medication use during their pre-RS illness. They were matched with 156 control subjects for age, race, sex, geographic location, time, and type of illness. Only the use of aspirin was reported by significantly more cases (97%, 94/97) than controls (71%, 110/156) during the pre-RS matched illness. Using a multiple logistic model to control for the presence of fever, headache, and sore throat statistically, the difference in aspirin use remained significant. Conversely, fewer cases (16%) took medications containing acetaminophen than controls (33%). In 87% of the cases receiving aspirin, their maximum daily dosage did not exceed recommended levels, but their doses were higher than those of controls receiving aspirin. No relationship was found between dosage and stage of RS encephalopathy.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1981

Results of allergy treatment on the Eustachian tube in chronic serous otitis media.

In an attempt to determine the effect of allergic treatment on the Eustachian tube, twenty-four children underwent baseline Eustachian tube testing, with follow-up testing after treatment at six weeks, three months, and six months. The allergy therapy had no effect on the ability of the children to equilibrate negative pressure in the middle ear. There was no effect on opening Eustachian tube pressure, but the allergy treatment did lower Eustachian tube closing pressures.

Child↗