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Biomedical subjects

L J Miedzinski

Publications and source records attributed to L J Miedzinski.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A Canadian faculty of medicine and dentistry's survey of career development needs.

INTRODUCTION: Career development efforts for adult learners are more likely to succeed if they are responsive to the learners' needs, offered at convenient times, and provided in a variety of forms. METHODS: The Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Alberta conducted a self-administered career development needs survey of full-time academic faculty. Faculty members were asked to identify how useful each of 35 career development skills would be to them and at which stage in an academic career it would be most useful. Preferred educational modes and times of delivery were also assessed. The mean rankings of skill needs were examined overall as well as by gender, academic rank, departmental category (clinician versus basic scientist), marital status, and the presence of school-aged children at home. RESULTS: 185 of 446 (41%) mailings were returned, of which 181 were evaluated. The number one perceived career development need across all subgroups was 'Effective writing of grants and publications'. Six of the top 10 needs were identified as useful at all career stages. Significant differences in rankings of needs were noted between subgroups. Half days were preferred to full days for career development efforts and short courses to other educational modes. DISCUSSION: Several career development skills were identified as priorities independently of gender, academic rank, and clinical versus basic science career tracks. Differences suggest that within a basic global programme, a variety of career development modules may need to be developed for subgroups.

Alberta↗
PubMed1990

Antimicrobial prophylaxis for open heart operations.

Between 1986 and 1988, 450 adults undergoing coronary artery bypass, cardiac valve replacement, or both were enrolled into a prospective, randomized, comparative trial of cephalothin versus cefamandole as perioperative prophylaxis. They were assessed during their hospitalization and at 6 weeks and 6 months after discharge for postoperative infectious complications. Eleven patients had major postoperative infections including 5 with sternal wound infections (three bacteremic), 6 with bacteremia, 1 with prosthetic valve endocarditis, and 3 with severe venous donor graft site infections. Eight major infections occurred in patients receiving cephalothin prophylaxis and three in patients receiving cefamandole, with all five sternal wound infections occurring in the cephalothin group. Postoperative pathogens responsible for the major infections included gram-negative aerobes in 5 patients, Staphylococcus aureus in 4, and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 2. Preoperative colonizing staphylococcal isolates were not predictive of postoperative staphylococcal pathogens. Although there was no statistically significant difference in rate of major postoperative infectious complications using either cephalothin or cefamandole prophylaxis, there was a trend in favor of cefamandole. Gram-negative aerobes are becoming increasingly important pathogens in this setting.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Once-daily therapy with ceftriaxone compared with daily multiple-dose therapy with cefotaxime for serious bacterial infections: a randomized, double-blind study.

A randomized, double-blind study was done to compare the efficacy and toxicity of daily single-dose therapy with intravenous ceftriaxone (2 g every 24 h) with daily multiple-dose therapy with cefotaxime (2 g every 6 h) for treatment of serious bacterial infections in nonneutropenic patients. Of the 325 patients who were evaluable for toxicity, 241 (74.2%) were evaluable for efficacy. Infection sites included lung (106), urinary tract (42), skin and soft tissue (43), bone and joint (23), bacteremia (21), and hepatobiliary (5). Definite infections were present in 173 cases (71.8%) and possible infections in 68 (28.2%). Analysis of clinical and bacteriologic responses and adverse drug reactions showed no significant differences between the regimens. Values for 95% confidence limits on the differences between regimens for positive clinical and bacteriological outcomes in definite infections were -0.8% to 3.0% and -1.9% to 9.1%, respectively. Thus, daily single-dose therapy with ceftriaxone was comparable to daily multiple-dose therapy with cefotaxime in treating these bacterial infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Serious infectious complications of open-heart surgery.

Serious infectious complications of open-heart surgery in 521 adults who underwent 534 open-heart procedures are reviewed. Bacteremia complicated seven (1.3%) of the procedures, carditis six (1.1%) and deep sternal wound infections nine (1.7%). The overall rate of these infections was 4.1% with an associated death rate of 11.7% (2 of 17). With respect to the risk of this complication, no differences were noted in the age of the patients, duration of surgery or perioperative prophylaxis with cephalothin or cloxacillin. The chance of carditis developing was significantly related (p less than 0.001) to a valve replacement procedure and the risk of a deep sternal wound infection (p less than 0.01) to a procedure classed as "other". Staphylococci remained the most commonly isolated pathogens with an almost equal frequency of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Gram-negative aerobes and Streptococcus faecalis were found to be other important pathogens in this clinical setting.

Adult↗