Biomedical subjects

L Jerome Brandon

Publications and source records attributed to L Jerome Brandon.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Walking, body composition, and blood pressure dose-response in African American and white women.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate body composition and blood pressure (BP) responses to a 16-week dose of brisk walking in sedentary and obese African American (AA) and White women. METHODS: Seventy-five sedentary women (45 AA and 30 White) between the ages of 18 and 50 years and body fat > or =27% signed institutional approved informed consent forms and volunteered to participate in this study. The participants were divided into four groups (AA exercisers [AAE], AA control [AAC], White exercisers [WE], White controls [WC]). The exercisers walked three miles a day, three days a week. Body composition and BP were measured before and after the training intervention. Food records were collected before, during, and after the intervention. RESULTS: Following training, only the WE experienced a reduction in body weight and body fat (P<.05). However, the energy intake of the AAE increased 4.7% during and 16% at the conclusion of the intervention and contributed to them neither losing nor gaining weight or fat. Both exercise groups experienced reductions (P<.05) in systolic (AAE 5.7 mm Hg, WE 11.3 mm Hg) and diastolic BPs (AAE 3.0 mm Hg, WE 3.6 mm Hg) following training, but the reductions for the WE were greater (P<.05) than for the AAE. There were no changes in body composition or BP for either AAC or WC. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a 16-week walking intervention provides body composition and BP benefits for both AA and White women, but the benefits are greater for White women.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Relationships and CHD risks of BMI, lipoproteins, lipids, and blood pressure in African-American men and women.

BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) is believed to be associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risks. A major question is whether each BMI category provides independent risk information and whether the BMI categories provide similar results for African-American (AA) men and women relative to lipid, lipoproteins, and blood pressure. METHODS: A descriptive research design was used to evaluate the effects of BMI categories on lipoproteins, lipids, and blood pressure, and to determine if similar CHD risks related to these variables were observed in AA men and women. The 358 (108 men and 250 women; 40-70 year of age) participants were recruited from churches in a southeastern metropolitan area. RESULTS: The results indicate that BMI is positively associated with lipoproteins, lipids, and blood pressure in both AA men and women. Relative risks for CHD were higher for obese (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)) men and women, but the overweight (OW) category provided the same information as the normal weight (NW) category for men, but not for women. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that the same BMI standards provide different CHD risk information for AA men than for AA women and that gender-specific BMI standards may be warranted for more effective CHD risk stratification in AA adults.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Resistive training and long-term function in older adults.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 24-month moderate-intensity resistive-training intervention on strength and function in older adults. A repeated-measures experimental research design was employed as a sample of 55 apparently healthy, older, community-dwelling volunteers (30 exercisers- 25 women and 5 men; 25 comparisons- 16 women and 9 men) were evaluated for strength of 5 muscle groups that influence lower extremity movement and physical function. Strength and function were evaluated at 6-month intervals. The findings from this study indicate that a moderate-intensity resistive-training program increases strength in older adults and that the strength benefits are retained for the duration of the intervention. Furthermore, a long-term strength-training program can increase independent-function skills in older adults and might therefore aid in prolonging functional independence.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed2003

Effects of long-term resistive training on mobility and strength in older adults with diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Strength training has been shown to be beneficial in older adults. However, very little data exist on the effects of strength training in older diabetics. METHODS: 31 community-dwelling older adults with diabetes (mean age = 66.1 years) were randomly assigned to either an exercise (EX) or control (CO) group. The EX group trained the plantar flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, hip extensors, and hip flexors muscle groups at 50%, 60%, and 70% of 1-repetition maximum, 2.6 days a week, for 24 months. Mobility tests included the timed up and go, 50-foot walk, and walking up and down 8 stairs. Strength and mobility for both groups were evaluated at 6-month intervals. RESULTS: There was a group and time effect as the EX group increased 31.4% (p <.001) in strength for all muscle groups after the first 6 months of training, and the strength gains were retained for the duration of the training intervention. There was also a group and time effect for mobility as performance increased 8.6% and 9.8% (p =.032 and p = 0.031) for the first 6 and 12 months, respectively, but decreased to 4.6% above baseline at the end of the intervention. There were essentially no changes from baseline strength or mobility values for the CO group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, these data suggest that a moderate-intensity resistive-training program can improve mobility and strength for the duration of a 24-month intervention in older adults with diabetes, thus potentially reducing the rate of mobility loss during aging.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

The thermic effect of food and obesity: discrepant results and methodological variations.

Studies have yielded discrepant results concerning whether the thermic effect of food (TEF) is reduced in obesity. Methodological variations among published studies make understanding the discrepant results very difficult. Although methodological differences are often noted as contributing to the discrepant results, little work has been done to address these differences and standardize experimental protocols. This paper reviews 50 studies that have investigated TEF in obesity and focuses on factors related to experimental protocol and subject control that reportedly affect measurements of resting energy expenditure, postprandial energy expenditure, and the calculation of TEF.

Aging↗

PubMed2002

Comparison of obesity assessment procedures in obese African-American and white women.

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to field-based procedures for the estimation of obesity in 27 sedentary and obese African-American (AA) (34.8, +/- 7.7 yr) and 25 sedentary and obese White women (41.1, +/- 8.3 yr). Body fat was estimated by DEXA and skinfolds equations. Obesity was also estimated from BMI and percent of ideal body weight (greater than 120% of ideal body weight based on height and weight tables). All of the procedures classified the subjects as obese. Results from each procedure were compared with minimal obesity standards to determine the percentage by which each mean exceeded the minimal standard (percent difference). The percent difference was smaller for BMI and percent ideal body weight than for the 2 body fat assessment procedures. Although DEXA percent body fat did not differ by race, BMI and percent ideal body weight tended to be greater in AA women compared to White women, and more AA women were classified as obese. Therefore, field-based procedures that do not include percent body fat assessments are not as accurate for AA women. This finding suggests that obesity can be more effectively assessed in AA women if the standards for classifications are population-specific.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting oxygen uptake in older adults using lower-limb accelerometer measures.

Assessing physical activity in older adults has proven to be difficult but important, because regular participation has a protective and rehabilitative effect against disability and morbidity. Commercially available physical activity monitors measure waist movements and have not been validated for older adults. This study developed a model for establishing prediction equations to estimate older adults physical activity levels based on lower-limb accelerometer measures. Oxygen uptake and lower-limb accelerometer data were simultaneously recorded from treadmill and stair-climbing exercises. The best stepwise regression equations were obtained when accelerometer and weight measures were regressed on oxygen uptake when subjects walked 1, 2, and 3 miles per hour (R = 0.69 with accelerometer on back of the heel) and for accelerometer measures and gender when subjects climbed stairs (R = 0.77 with accelerometer on mid-ankle). These findings illustrate that physical activity can be effectively predicted in older adults from lower-limb accelerometer measurements.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Personal characteristics that influence exercise behavior of older adults.

Long-term exercise participation among older adults will result in healthier lifestyles and reduced need for health care. A better understanding, therefore, of what influences older individuals to start and maintain exercise plans would be beneficial. The twofold purpose of this study was (1) to create a knowledge base of determinants that influence exercise behavior in older adults and (2) to have health professionals prioritize determinants that affect exercise initiation and adherence in older adults. The expert panel examined nine determinants within the category of personal characteristics: age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, educational level, socioeconomic status, biomedical status, smoking status, and past exercise participation. The experts rated the determinants on importance for influencing exercise behavior of older adults. This expert panel concluded that older adults who are in good health and have a history of exercise activity might be more likely to participate in long-term exercise programs.

Aged↗