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Biomedical subjects

L Joubert

Publications and source records attributed to L Joubert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Phase I study of oral spirogermanium.

Thirty-three patients with advanced malignancy were treated with oral spirogermanium in a Phase I study to determine a maximum tolerated dose. Patients were entered in the study at doses of 100, 200, and 300 milligrams daily. The dose-limiting toxicity was gastrointestinal with moderate nausea and vomiting occurring with the 300 milligram dose. No myelosuppression or renal dysfunction was noted. Elevations of serum transaminase were seen in 41 percent of the patients at study entry. While abnormalities in hepatic function were recorded during the study, the relationship to spirogermanium could not be determined. No patient exhibited clinical hepatic dysfunction or elevation of serum bilirubin. It is recommended that future studies of oral spirogermanium incorporate careful monitoring of these parameters. Two patients with lymphoproliferative disorders had objective responses to therapy. A dose of 200 milligrams is recommended for further Phase II trials.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

[The phenomenon of "early and stimulated death" in mice infected and then vaccinated against rabies].

Live (diluted) and inactivated rabies vaccines of low antigen content induce early and enhanced death in mice, inoculated before vaccination with a wild type of rabies virus. Such vaccines, which neither induce interferon nor protect, produce a low level of antibodies which appear later than with vaccines of higher antigenicity. It is recommended to examine rabies vaccines not only by the usual (pre-exposure) potency test-NIH test or modified NIH test (one vaccination), but also by a post-exposure potency test.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Woodchuck hepatitis virus infection: serologic and histopathologic course and outcome.

Five out of seven American woodchucks inoculated with woodchuck hepatitis virus developed antigenemia after 2 to 13 weeks followed by an antibody response. One animal became a carrier, and another animal exhibited a primary antibody response. Clinical disease was not obvious and aminotransferase elevation could not be demonstrated. Liver biopsy showed mononuclear portal infiltration and little parenchymal cell necrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Dynamics of beta-adrenoceptor blockade with cetamolol.

Cetamolol is a new beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent shown in animals to have moderate beta 1-adrenoceptor selectivity and partial agonist activity. In healthy normal volunteers, beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade was measured as the reduction of exercise-induced tachycardia, systolic blood pressure, and double product at 2, 8, and 24 h after a single oral dose of 10, 25, and 50 mg cetamolol. beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade was significantly linearly related to log serum cetamolol level, was maximal at 2 h, and was still clinically significant at 24 h. A crossover study of single 0, 10, and 25 mg doses confirmed these findings.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1985

Involuntary smoking and lung cancer: a case-control study.

In a case-control study in 4 hospitals from 1971 to 1981, 134 cases of lung cancer and 402 cases of colon-rectum cancer (the controls) were identified in nonsmoking women. All cases and controls were confirmed by histologic review of slides, and nonsmoking status and exposures were verified by interview. Odds ratios (OR) increased with increasing number of cigarettes smoked by the husband, particularly for cigarettes smoked at home. The OR for women whose husbands smoked 20 or more cigarettes at home was 2.11 (95% confidence limits: 1.13, 3.95). A logistic regression analysis showed a significant positive trend of increasing risk with increased exposure to the husband's smoking at home, controlled for age, hospital, socioeconomic class, and year of diagnosis. Comparison of women classified by number of hours exposed a day to smoke in the last 5 years and in the last 25 years showed no increase in risk of lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Histologic type of lung cancer and asbestos exposure.

The histologic types of lung cancer in 855 patients (747 men and 107 women) from three hospitals and one international study of insulation workers were evaluated. Of these, 196 cases had asbestos exposure. About one half of the cases were diagnosed from surgical slides and one half from autopsy slides. Squamous cell carcinoma constituted the largest percentage of tumor types and was found with the same frequency in exposed and nonexposed groups. Small cell carcinoma was found in 25% of the exposed and in 15% of the nonexposed patients. Upper lung sites were involved in about two thirds of the cases with asbestos exposure and lower lobes in the other one third. There was little difference in histologic type in cases regardless of whether upper or lower lobes were involved. Cigarette smokers who smoked until their cancer diagnosis showed no difference in histologic type by amount smoked, and slight but not statistically significant differences from ex-cigarette smokers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Spontaneous and experimental infection of alpine marmots (Marmota marmota) by the North American woodchuck hepatitis virus (Marmota monax). Initial results].

Summer's discovery in 1978 of a DNA virus, very close to human Hepatitis B virus in a woodchuck population in the U.S.A. (Pennsylvania) was a confirmation of the first description made by Snyder at Penrose Research Laboratory (Philadelphia). It was the first animal model of human B hepatitis infection. The comparative study of morphological, ecological and ethological characteristics of the marmot (Marmota marmota) and the woodchuck (Marmota monax) enables an easy distinction between these two species. The natural infection of M. monax by the WHV shows that the woodchuck is a good model for human B hepatitis and should be extended to M. marmota. A sample of 24 marmots caught in the Alpes of Haute-Provence has not revealed any spontaneous infection in these animals by the woodchuck virus. The failure of experimental inoculation of the marmot (24 animals) with the WHV confirms the refractory status of this species (no viremia and very low and short serological response with or without an immunosuppressive treatment). These preliminary results require a confirmation in other animals of different age and geographical region and also by using more specific tests such as molecular hybridization, research on DNA polymerase and direct transfection trials.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Etodolac in postsurgical pain: a double-blind dose-ranging efficacy study with aspirin and placebo.

A study was conducted to compare the analgesic activity of single oral doses of etodolac (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg) with 650 mg aspirin and placebo. A total of 146 patients with moderate or severe pain from orthopedic or urologic interventions received one of the test medications 13-25 h after the beginning of surgery and according to a randomized allocation balanced as to initial pain intensity. Data for pain intensity and pain relief were collected at 1/2 h and then hourly for 8 h. Vital signs and adverse reactions were also recorded. One hundred and forty-two patients completed the study: four were excluded because of protocol deviations. The average response to 100, 200, and 400 mg of etodolac was superior to that of placebo. On the basis of SPID, TOTPAR, and duration of analgesia, 400 mg etodolac was also significantly more effective than 650 mg aspirin. Mild side effects probably or possibly related to etodolac were reported by three patients. This study provides evidence that etodolac in doses of 100 mg and higher is an effective and well-tolerated analgesic.

Acetates↗
PubMed1982

Comparative efficacy of etodolac and placebo in rheumatoid arthritic patients.

Twenty-four patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were studied in a 4-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. They were treated with a low dose (25, 50, and 100 mg twice daily) or high dose (100, 200, or 300 mg twice daily) of etodolac or with placebo. In both groups four patients received placebo and eight the active drug in a fixed-titration regimen. Doses were increased weekly and kept at the highest level during the last 2 weeks. Clinical and laboratory assessments were completed before drug and on days 8, 15, and 29. Seventeen patients completed 29 days and seven discontinued the study earlier: six on placebo and one on low dose. Etodolac-low dose was significantly more effective than placebo in nine of ten clinical assessments and in all ten at high dose. Etodolac was well tolerated. All patients had negative tests for occult blood at all times. Etodolac was an effective anti-inflammatory agent and appeared to be safe in doses of 50-600 mg per day.

Acetates↗
PubMed1976

[Failure of anti-symptomatic vaccination and the methods of vaccine activity control].

Blackleg (Clostridium chauvoei) infection in Charollais cattle appears to have undergone some etiological and pathogenic changes which are reflected in the apparent failure of vaccination. Two methods have been used to determine the quality of the vaccines in order to meet the different requirements specified by pharmacopeias. The two methods differ in the vaccination schedules of the guinea pigs and the test strain used which may be either a virulent culture or a suspension of spore in calcium chloride. Both methods appear to be efficient in selecting vaccines which provide good protection. It follows, therefore, that the vaccination failures would appear to be the result of intensive selection of beef cattle with reduced immunological response. If this is the case, the remedy for these vaccination failures might lie in an adaptation of the vaccination schedule to the early developing breeds of cattle obtained by intensive selective breeding.

Animals↗