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Biomedical subjects

L K Chan

Publications and source records attributed to L K Chan.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Knowledge-driven problem-solving models in nursing education.

This paper compares the hypothetico-deductive model of clinical problem solving commonly used in current nurse education and practice with the knowledge-driven problem-solving model (Bordage, Grant, & Marsden, 1990). It is argued that the knowledge-driven model provides a more complete account of the processes involved in clinical problem solving. The knowledge-driven model emphasizes the organization and availability of relevant content knowledge stored in memory as the prime determinant of clinical problem solving. This contention is discussed in relation to the development of a clinical problem-solving task for nursing students and its implications for nursing curricula.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1992

Diagnostic reasoning among second-year nursing students.

This paper reports on a study investigating the relationship of nursing students' approaches to learning and processing of information, science content knowledge, ability in interpreting and organizing clinical data (nursing assessment), and logical reasoning ability with the accuracy and quality of the nursing diagnosis made in a simulated diagnostic reasoning task. One hundred and sixty-nine second-year pre-service nursing students participated in the study. Results of path analyses indicated a set of pathways from surface approach to low-quality nursing diagnosis that reflected less competent diagnostic reasoning; and a second set from deep/achieving approach through content knowledge and logical reasoning to higher-quality nursing diagnosis that reflected more competent diagnostic reasoning. The implications of these findings for nurse education are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Loss of epithelial polarity: a novel hypothesis for reduced proximal tubule Na+ transport following ischemic injury.

Ischemia results in the marked reduction of renal proximal tubule function which is manifested by decreased Na+ and H2O reabsorption. In the present studies the possibility that altered Na+ and H2O reabsorption were due to ischemia-induced loss of surface membrane polarity was investigated. Following 15 min of renal ischemia and 2 hr of reperfusion, proximal tubule cellular ultrastructure was normal. However, abnormal redistribution of NaK-ATPase to the apical membrane domain was observed and large alterations in apical membrane lipid composition consistent with loss of surface membrane polarity were noted. These changes were associated with large decreases in Na+ (37.4 vs. 23.0%, P less than 0.01) and H2O (48.6 vs. 36.9%, P less than 0.01) reabsorption at a time when cellular morphology, apical Na+ permeability, Na+-coupled cotransport, intracellular pH and single nephron filtration rates were normal. We propose that the abnormal redistribution of NaK-ATPase to the apical membrane domain is in part responsible for reduced Na+ and H2O reabsorption following ischemic injury.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1989

Congenital limb malformations in the free-ranging macaques of Kowloon.

This paper describes the instances of gross hand and limb malformations in the free-ranging macaques in the forested region of the Kowloon peninsula of Hong Kong. The incidence in this location is compared to that of other macaque groups, most notably the Japanese and rhesus macaques in free-ranging and captive conditions. Etiology is linked to what is known about suspected local teratogenic agents, particularly in pesticides and fuel emissions.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Contributions to reproductive medicine through in-vitro fertilization: a review.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is now an accepted treatment procedure for subfertility. Its use has also contributed greatly to the understanding of our knowledge in reproductive medicine. This review looks at these contributions. In the female, IVF has made it possible to examine more closely ovarian physiology through the follicular micro-environment, follicular dominance and cohorts. In the male, the new sperm preparation technology has assisted the investigation of sperm parameters in-depth. A better understanding of human egg and sperm physiology, the fertilization process and pre-implantation phenomena has also contributed to better management of the infertile couple. Perhaps in the future, the pre-implantation embryo may be considered as a "patient".

Fertilization in Vitro↗
PubMed1986

Pregnancy established in an infertile patient after transfer of an embryo fertilized in vitro where the oocyte was donated by the sister of the recipient.

A successful pregnancy in a patient suffering from infertility due to severe tubal disease has been achieved following the transfer of embryos fertilized in vitro following the donation of oocytes by the sister of the recipient. Both sisters ovulated irregularly and asynchronously. The donor's menstrual cycle varied from 24 to 30 days and the recipient's cycle varied from 23 to 26 days. Synchronization of ovulation was achieved by matching the onset of their menstrual cycles prior to treatment by in vitro fertilization and by manipulating the follicular phase of both the donor and the recipient during the cycle of treatment. Ten oocytes were collected from the donor and all were inseminated with spermatozoa from the recipient's husband. Nine normal embryos developed and three were transferred to the uterus of the recipient sister, 55 hr after laparoscopic egg collection. A normal singleton pregnancy resulted.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1986

Effect on plasma gonadotropins of cyclic steroid replacement in women with premature ovarian failure.

A sequential regimen of steroid replacement of oral estradiol valerate and progesterone (P) by intravaginal suppository was developed for women with premature ovarian failure or ovarian agenesis. The regimen, based on a 28-day cycle, resulted in peripheral plasma concentrations of estradiol and P within the normal range of the menstrual cycle and endometrial differentiation consistent with the normal secretory phase. Pregnancy has now been successfully established in four patients following this regimen of steroid treatment and transfer of donated embryos. Plasma concentrations of LH were within the normal range by the end of the first cycle of treatment with exogenous steroids. However, plasma FSH remained above the normal range, even during the third treatment cycle, consistent with the necessity of a gonadal feedback factor (inhibin?) other than estradiol and P for maintaining FSH in the normal range. Although 7/8 patients had a surge of LH at midcycle, only 3/8 patients had concomitant FSH surges, supporting a role for progesterone in facilitating the midcycle FSH surge.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Aspects of obstetrical defibrination in West Malaysia.

Five patients illustrate various aspects of obstetrical defibrination in West Malaysia, resulting from exaggeration of changes in fibrinolytic-coagulation equilibrium that occur at delivery. Hypofibrinogenaemia and fibrinolysis may occur in association or either feature predominate. These patients are from a population in which a variety of genetic and environmental factors may interact, e.g. abnormal haemoglobins, cold agglutinins, viral and other infections, introducing additional complications.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Promoting strategy generalization through self-instructional training in students with reading disabilities.

Twenty Grade 5 and 6 students with reading disabilities, 20 average readers in Grade 3, and 20 average readers in Grades 5 and 6 were taught to use a self-questioning strategy for the identification of main ideas. They were randomly assigned to either a standard instruction or a generalization induction condition. In the latter, informed training and self-instructional training techniques were employed to promote generalization of strategy use. Subjects were posttested under both a cued and an uncued condition in their homerooms. Results indicated that the self-instructional training succeeded in facilitating the identification of main ideas among students with reading disabilities and in helping them to maintain their improved performance when they were no longer prompted to use the strategy in a transfer setting.

Behavior Therapy↗