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Biomedical subjects

L Köhler

Publications and source records attributed to L Köhler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Functional disorders after deep rectum resection: is pouch formation recommended?].

After low colo-rectal or colo-anal anastomosis there is in 25% a degree of urgency and increased bowel movements. In order to improve the reservoir continence the construction of a J-shaped colonic pouch seems reasonable. We have operated 5 patients with the new technique and worked up our preliminary results in connection with a literature overview. Increased bowel movements and urgency are reduced postoperatively but some patients report pouch evacuation problems, using enemas or suppositories to empty their reservoirs. To estimate the value of this new technique innovative endpoints as overall well-being and quality of life might be more important than conventional endpoints measuring only functional results.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Regulation of TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 synthesis in differentiating human monoblastoid leukemic U937 cells.

The human monoblastoid tumor cell line U937 was induced to differentiate along the monocyte/macrophage lineage by treatment with 5 x 10(-9) M 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Between 2 h and 4 h following TPA-treatment U937 cells started to release significant amounts of TNF-alpha which remained detectable until 8-10 days. A significant IL-1 beta release was measured 24 h-48 h post stimulation and increased levels of IL-1 beta persisted until 20-22 days of culture. In contrast no release of either IL-1 alpha or IL-6 could be detected with 5 x 10(-9) M TPA during the whole time course of the experiments. The sequential induction of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta appeared to be independently regulated since TNF-alpha release was not required for the onset of IL-1 beta production. Northern-blot analysis confirmed the sequential induction and the long term expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNAs. Western-blot analysis predominantly showed a high molecular weight IL-1 beta protein of about 35 kD. Further investigations on the regulation of cytokine production and release by TPA-differentiated U937 cells revealed that TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta synthesis was not influenced by exogenously added rhTNF-alpha or PGE2, whereas rh gamma-IFN specifically enhanced the IL-1 beta production. Thus, the regulation and intracellular processing of cytokines generated by differentiating U937 cells shows some differences when compared to mature monocytes/macrophages which may be related to the tumorigenic origin of U937 cells or to an incomplete differentiation.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1991

Parental perceptions of health care for children with chronic illness--a population-based study in a Swedish primary care district.

The division of responsibilities between specialized and primary health care for children with chronic illness is unclear. The utilization and perceptions of primary and specialized care were examined by means of a questionnaire mailed to the parents of all chronically ill children and a randomly selected control group. No difference in sociodemographic variables of responders (70%) and nonresponders was found. The study comprised 98 index and 168 control children. The index children utilized both primary and specialized care more than controls. The overall satisfaction with health care was high, but primary care did not come up to the expectations of many chronically ill children's parents. Satisfaction with specialized care but not with primary care had improved during the previous 15 years. Recognition in primary care of childhood chronic illnesses and their psychosocial consequences is important. In co-operation, the two health care levels together could enable a comprehensive, well-coordinated, and continuous care for these children.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Youth, disability and quality of life.

When broader aspects of health are considered especially when assessing the life of the disabled it becomes necessary to reach beyond physical measurements to more dynamic aspects including the individual's other resources and demands. In such a context issues of quality of life are important. Quality of life is here defined as a term describing the total existence of an individual or a group and is operationalized in three life spheres: external conditions, interpersonal conditions and personal psychological conditions. National samples of youths aged 12-18 years with cystic fibrosis and myelomeningocele are compared to a reference group of normal youths in the five Nordic countries. The study was based on a mailed questionnaire. The results show that the disabled groups had equal external conditions as their peers while they rated lower on the interpersonal and personal levels. This indicates that the Nordic countries have succeeded in providing a good material support for families with handicapped youths. The fact that these families are also more satisfied with the different life spheres means that both objective and subjective needs are met. The social networks and personal psychological conditions, though, proved to be less sufficient and there is still a lot to be done to give handicapped youngsters a full life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Alterations in glycosylation and lectin pattern during phorbol ester-induced differentiation of U937 cells.

Incubation of the human monoblastoid tumor cell line U937 with 5 x 10(-9) M 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 3 days was associated with marked morphological and functional changes including adherence of the cells and cessation of proliferation. While growth arrest and the viability of the cells were not influenced, the TPA-induced adherence of U937 cells could be totally blocked by incubation with tunicamycin, suggesting an involvement of N-linked carbohydrates in these cell attachment processes. The isolation and characterization of endogenous lectins with specificities for lactose, L-fucose, and D-mannose from U937 controls and TPA-differentiated U937 cells demonstrated marked differences in either the pattern and the distribution of these sugar-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins. Our results indicate that alterations in cell-surface carbohydrates are of central importance for the attachment of the differentiating U937 tumor cells.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1990

Whole gut irrigation and Prepacol laxative preparation for colonoscopy: a comparison.

Two techniques for preparation of the colon for colonoscopy were compared in a controlled trial. Fifty patients given a low residue diet and the laxative Prepacol were compared with 50 patients given whole gut irrigation. Significantly more patients suffered from vomiting (P = 0.0005), shivering (P = 0.0062) and nausea (P = 0.031) following irrigation; in two cases the procedure had to be abandoned because of profuse vomiting. Irrigation was less well tolerated by the patients (P = 0.00002) than preparation with Prepacol. On the other hand, the quality of bowel preparation was found to be better (P = 0.0005) after irrigation. On two occasions colonoscopy was not possible following Prepacol preparation because of faecal residue. Patients with a previous colorectal resection showed a similar quality of cleansing to those patients prepared with irrigation. We conclude that Prepacol is as efficient as irrigation for patients who have had a previous colorectal resection because the quality of bowel preparation is as good and the associated patient discomfort is small.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Relevant "end points" for evaluation of the colon pouch after deep rectum resection].

After low colo-rectal anastomosis there is in 25% a degree of urgency and increased bowel movements. In order to improve the reservoir continence the construction of a J-shaped colonic pouch seems reasonable. We have operated 5 patients with the new technique and worked up our preliminary results in connection with a literature overview. Increased bowel movements and urgency are reduced postoperatively but some patients report pouch evacuation problems, using enemas or suppositories to empty their reservoirs. To estimate the value of this new technique innovative endpoints as overall well-being and quality of life might be more important than conventional endpoints measuring only functional results.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Differentiation and retrodifferentiation of U937 cells: reversible induction and suppression of intermediate filament protein synthesis.

Significant morphological and functional changes were observed when human monoblastoid U937 tumor cells growing in suspension were induced by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 72 h to differentiate along the monocyte/macrophage pathway. These include adherence of the cells to each other and to the substratum, alterations in cell-surface antigen expression and cessation of autonomous proliferation. In this study, we show by both, hybridization analysis of RNA and immunoblotting that an enhanced expression of the intermediate filament (IF) subunit proteins vimentin, lamin A and lamin C accompanied the TPA-induced differentiation process. After long-term culture of differentiated U937 cells in the absence of TPA (more than 28 days), however, the adherent cells retracted their pseudopodia, detached and started again to proliferate. This "retrodifferentiation" process, not previously described was paralleled by a rapid down-regulation of both, IF mRNA and protein synthesis back to the level of undifferentiated U937 control cells. These data suggest a functional relationship between the expression of vimentin and lamins A and C and the differentiation process taking place in these cells.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1990

[Analysis of the effectiveness of the public health system with special reference to the health of children].

A well structured, efficient health service is an important component of the welfare state, in Sweden for example. But its significance for the state of the nation's health is limited and will be affected, inter alia, by life styles and the environment. A progressive health policy must be based on cooperation between various sectors of society, and here the health service plays a central part. Therefore social policy must be well documented and subjected to continuous review. This is an important prerequisite for planning and correction at different levels. The analysis must take account of society as a whole, organization, and the individual! In so doing, greater significance should be attributed to the effectiveness and quality of the health service than to structures, capacity and statistics. With reference to the health of children in the Nordic countries, it is encouraging to see that this conception of evaluation has also gained greater acceptance in preventive care, firstly in the field of paediatric health care and more recently in the school health service as well.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Early detection of preschool health problems--role of perinatal risk factors.

To evaluate a perinatal risk-grouping system, 1 262 4-year-old children went through a comprehensive health examination. A total of 41.5% of the newborns were included in the wide criteria of risk, which were more common among boys and among children of the youngest and oldest mothers. Among the 4-year-old, the frequency of significant physical health problem was 15.8%, including 10.1% visual disturbances and 2% neurological disorders. In some combinations of risk groups and later health problems there were statistically significant correlations, e.g. regarding prematurity and cerebral irritation vs. cerebral palsy, but not sufficient to serve its purpose as a screening instrument. Even the accumulation of especially serious events in the perinatal period gave no clue to later neurological disorders. The addition of low socioeconomic status as a perinatal risk did not influence the outcome either. The reasons for the weak correlation between perinatal risk factors and later outcome of health disorders and handicaps are discussed, and it is concluded that to detect children with health problems, there seems to be no acceptable alternative to a comprehensive health surveillance as part of a general health service programme of all children, including clinical examinations and screening procedures by well trained personnel.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Case report of a Swedish school health clinic.

The work in the school health services, which, according to regulations, should be only preventive, has developed into a mixture of preventive and curative care with strong features of social paediatrics and treatment of minor complaints. Together, the nurse and the physician make an important contribution to pupil welfare in school, providing a sense of security for children, teachers and parents. On the other hand, it is evident that the resources are not used optimally. Too much time and effort are spent on routine class examinations, which yield very little benefit, while other important tasks are neglected, e.g. co-ordination of treatment and education of chronically ill or handicapped children and health education of children and teachers. This study reports the health problems that a physician and nurse encounter during one year in their daily work at a medium sized school in a medium sized city in Sweden.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Labor and puerperium of the adolescent patient. A 15-year study from 1951 to 1975].

Among 32459 deliveries from 1961 to 1975 at the Gynaecology Department of the Martin Luther University in Halle there were 194 adolescent mothers under 18 years of age. This corresponds to a percentage of 0,6%.--These "adolescents" were compared with an equal group of primiparae between 22 and 24 years of age.--There were no essential differences in the delivery procedure between the adolescent and the control groups. Operations to speed up delivery had to be performed less often in the adolescent than in the control group. The quota of premature deliveries amongst the adolescents which stood a 16%, was higher than in the control group, where the quota amounted only 9%. In both groups no differences were found in the perinatal mortality rate.

Adolescent↗