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Biomedical subjects

L Köhler

Publications and source records attributed to L Köhler.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The Nordic School of Public Health.

A few years ago the Nordic School of Public Health was reorganised according to the models of the British and American Schools of Public Health, while continuing to work in close contact with the ministries and the national health service organisation of the five Nordic countries. The basic needs of public health training are guaranteed by the core courses leading to a Master's Degree of Public Health. The highly topical issues in health sciences are covered by short courses, conferences and workshops. Some major research projects have been initiated to deal with problems of common interest to the Nordic health care systems. Due to an increasing demand for the educational programme, only a small proportion of the applicants can be admitted. Recently, the school has extended its international involvement and is currently engaged in several international courses and projects. In the near future it is intended to introduce a doctoral programme in public health.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1981

Testing for hypermetropia in the school vision screening programme.

The need and accuracy of a hypermetropia test, recommended as a screening test in Swedish schools, was evaluated in a series of 118 8-year-old children not wearing glasses. The distant visual acuity was determined without correction and with plus spheres of two different strengths, +1.5 D and +2.0 D respectively. When compared to the objective refraction and with an arbitrary limit of hypermetropia of +2.5 diopters, it could be shown that neither of the hypermetropia tests fulfilled the criteria of an adequate screening test. Except for two children all hypermetropics beyond +3.0 were previously known. The reading skills of the children were estimated by their teachers. No correlation was found between the degree of hypermetropia and reading difficulties. The results indicate that the hypermetropia test could be omitted from the regular vision tests of schoolchildren, at least in areas covered with an efficient pre-school vision screening.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Early detection of preschool health problems--role of perinatal risk factors.

To evaluate a perinatal risk-grouping system, 1 262 4-year-old children went through a comprehensive health examination. A total of 41.5% of the newborns were included in the wide criteria of risk, which were more common among boys and among children of the youngest and oldest mothers. Among the 4-year-old, the frequency of significant physical health problem was 15.8%, including 10.1% visual disturbances and 2% neurological disorders. In some combinations of risk groups and later health problems there were statistically significant correlations, e.g. regarding prematurity and cerebral irritation vs. cerebral palsy, but not sufficient to serve its purpose as a screening instrument. Even the accumulation of especially serious events in the perinatal period gave no clue to later neurological disorders. The addition of low socioeconomic status as a perinatal risk did not influence the outcome either. The reasons for the weak correlation between perinatal risk factors and later outcome of health disorders and handicaps are discussed, and it is concluded that to detect children with health problems, there seems to be no acceptable alternative to a comprehensive health surveillance as part of a general health service programme of all children, including clinical examinations and screening procedures by well trained personnel.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Case report of a Swedish school health clinic.

The work in the school health services, which, according to regulations, should be only preventive, has developed into a mixture of preventive and curative care with strong features of social paediatrics and treatment of minor complaints. Together, the nurse and the physician make an important contribution to pupil welfare in school, providing a sense of security for children, teachers and parents. On the other hand, it is evident that the resources are not used optimally. Too much time and effort are spent on routine class examinations, which yield very little benefit, while other important tasks are neglected, e.g. co-ordination of treatment and education of chronically ill or handicapped children and health education of children and teachers. This study reports the health problems that a physician and nurse encounter during one year in their daily work at a medium sized school in a medium sized city in Sweden.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Labor and puerperium of the adolescent patient. A 15-year study from 1951 to 1975].

Among 32459 deliveries from 1961 to 1975 at the Gynaecology Department of the Martin Luther University in Halle there were 194 adolescent mothers under 18 years of age. This corresponds to a percentage of 0,6%.--These "adolescents" were compared with an equal group of primiparae between 22 and 24 years of age.--There were no essential differences in the delivery procedure between the adolescent and the control groups. Operations to speed up delivery had to be performed less often in the adolescent than in the control group. The quota of premature deliveries amongst the adolescents which stood a 16%, was higher than in the control group, where the quota amounted only 9%. In both groups no differences were found in the perinatal mortality rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Minimal brain dysfunction in preschool age--risk for trouble in school?

In general health examinations of 2,447 4-year-old children in a certain area of southern Sweden, comprising 95.1% of the total population of that age, 52 children (2.1%) were diagnosed as having minimal brain dysfunction. After 7--9 years the children were reexamined and their parents and teachers were interviewed. Although no specific treatment, like stimulant drugs, was given, the children were much improved as they grew older: their hyperactivity had diminished, their behavior did not cause as much trouble, and their remaining neurological disturbances were small. However, the children manifested more problems in elementary school than other children, both regarding behavior, learning, slight neurological disturbances and visual disorders. Thus, the small group of children with minimal brain dysfunction symptoms in preschool age seem to run a certain risk of having trouble in school, although the symptoms are less conspicious as they grow and mature.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1978

Visual disorders in 7-year-old children with and without previous vision screening.

An analysis of visual defects among 310 children referred from a vision screening of 2 178 7-year-old children revealed a 50% frequency of significant eye defects among the referrals (7% of screened children). Of the screened children, one group (1 530 children) had previous visual screening three years earlier. The other group (648 children) had no previous vision screening until the age of seven. A comparison between the two groups showed that the risk of finding a new significant eye disorder in a school entrant was more than 6 times greater for a child who was not examined in his preschool years, and the risk of finding an amblyopic child was more than 10 times greater. The results do indicate the need for continuation of the present vision screening program of pre-school children.

Astigmatism↗
PubMed1978

Physical health of ten-year-old children. An epidemiological study of school children and a follow-up of previous health care.

At 10 years of age, all 223 children in a school district underwent a physical examination and a screening for vision and hearing defects within the school health services. The purpose of the study was to detect health problems of importance for the day-to-day functioning of the child. In 26.1% significant deviations were found. Physical disorders comprised 11.7% visual defects 11.7% and auditory impairment 2.7%. The vast majority of significant health problems were previously known and in only 4.4% of the 223 children newly detected, 0.9% by the physical examination, 2.7% by the vision screening and 0.9% by the auditory screening. The most frequent health problem of all was allergy in 13.5%, in 5.4% regarded as functionally important. Minor orthopaedic deviations and motor disturbances were common but not often considered to affect the functioning of the child significantly. As a whole, the children's health was very good and the outcome of the physical examination at this age was not impressive. It is evident that the physician's role in the school health system needs to be reconsidered.

Blood Pressure↗