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Biomedical subjects

L Kaul

Publications and source records attributed to L Kaul.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Immunopathology of Marek's disease in quails: presence of antinuclear antibody and immune complex.

Antinuclear antibody (ANA), a marker for autoimmune reactions, was detected in the sera of quails with Marek's disease (MD). The autoantibody was detected 3 weeks after infection in quails infected with chicken Marek's disease virus and 4 weeks after infection in quails infected with quail Marek's disease virus. The ANA titers were low and ranged from 10 to 40. A speckled type of nuclear fluorescence was the characteristic staining feature. In addition to the presence of ANA, immune complexes (IC) were also detected in the kidney glomeruli of quail infected with Marek's disease virus. Initially about 25-30% of the glomeruli in the kidneys of infected quails had IC deposits. In subsequent periods, the amount of IC deposit and the number of glomeruli showing IC also increased considerably. The findings of the present study suggested autoimmunity may play a pathogenic role in MD.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immune complex-mediated glomerulopathy in Marek's disease.

Chickens infected with Marek's disease (MD) virus developed immune complex (IC)-mediated glomerulopathy. Fluorescent antibody staining technique using antichicken globulin and antichicken complement was used to demonstrate IC in the kidney glomeruli. During the initial stages of MDV infection, IC deposits were seen on the glomerular basement membrane, but subsequently the entire glomerulus was involved. Mesangial cells also had IC deposits. Chicken complement was demonstrated in the glomeruli which had IC deposits. The number of glomeruli with IC deposition was higher in tumor-bearing birds than in non-tumor-bearing birds. Histologically, kidney lesion were characterized by thickening of basement membrane and proliferation of mesangial cells. It is suggested that IC-mediated glomerulopathy might be one of the major causes of death in MD.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The role of diet in prostate cancer.

This is a one-to-one, age- and race-matched case-control study involving 55 histologically confirmed black prostate cancer patients and 55 controls who were seen at three major hospitals in Washington, DC from 1982 to 1984. Personal interviews were conducted to obtain the number of times food items of specified serving size were consumed per week by cases and controls; the subjects were grouped according to the age periods 30-49 and 50 years and older. We then calculated the average daily consumption of each of 18 nutrients per 1,000 calories. There was a significant negative association between linoleic acid (p less than 0.04) for the 50 years and older group, thiamin (p less than 0.05) for those 30-49 years old, riboflavin (p less than 0.03) for the 50 and older group, and iron (p less than 0.05) for those 30-49 years old. The results of this study suggest that the intake of thiamin and iron (in subjects 30-49 years old), linoleic acid and riboflavin (in subjects 50 years and over) could be protective because control subjects consumed more of these nutrients than did the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Nutrition and prostate cancer: a case-control study.

This one-to-one, age- and race-matched case-control study involved 181 histologically confirmed black prostate cancer patients and 181 controls seen at three major hospitals in Washington, DC, during the period 1979-1982. Personal interviews were conducted to obtain the number of times food items of specified serving size were consumed per week by cases and controls during the age periods 30-49 and 50 years and older. Then the average daily consumption of each of 18 nutrients per 1,000 calories was calculated. There was risk enhancement associated with increased intake of proteins, total fat, saturated fat, oleic acid, and vitamin A during the age period 30-49 years. The association was highly significant for vitamin A and approached statistical significance for the other four nutrients. A hypothesis based on disturbance of the zinc-retinol binding protein-vitamin A axis was put forward to explain the relative risk enhancement effect of vitamin A on prostate cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Management of obesity in black females in a community model clinic: A preliminary study.

During a three-month period, March-May 1978, 23 black females were accepted as patients in the obesity program at the model office of the Department of Community Health and Family Practice, College of Medicine, Howard University.An aggregate of 55 visits made by these patients was recorded for the same period.The mean age of the patients was 38.3 years (SD:13.67), and half of the patients were below 40. Nearly 70 percent had a history of obesity in either one or both parents. More than one half had had high blood pressure and 70 percent of the patients had attempted dieting previously. Common snacks taken by the patients were carbohydrate-rich foods.Based on previous medical and dietary history and behavior patterns related to food intake, the patients were prescribed low-calorie or modified high-protein diets. Each patient at the clinic had a program devised individually for her. A team consisting of a physician, nutritionist, and health educator looked for patterns of behavior causing patients to overeat.The mean initial weight of all patients was 218 lb at registration and the weight after seven weeks of follow-up was 213.8 lb.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effect of meal-feeding on the daily variations of insulin, glucose, and NADP-linked dehydrogenases in rats.

Normal and adrenalectomized rats were either ad libitum fed or meal-fed a 66.5% glucose diet for 1 to 3 weeks. Ad libitum-fed rats exhibited synchronized daily rhythms in the levels of immunoreactive insulin, glucose, hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme activities. These rhythms were shifted late-morning 2-hour feeding period. The rhythms of adrenalectomized ad libitum-fed rats were different from those for nonadrenalectomized rats. These results indicate that differences between ad libitum- and meal-fed animals may be attributable to the timing of food intake with respect to the timing of observation rather than to meal-feeding alone. It is further concluded that the adrenals play a role in the maintenance of these rhythms.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1975

Effect of pancreatectomy or adrenalectomy on the responses of rats to meal-feeding.

The effects of partial pancreatectomy or adrenalectomy and insulin or corticosterone replacement on the responses of rats to meal-feeding were studied. Partial pancreatectomy lowered glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME) activities and resulted in higher blood glucose levels. Partial pancreatectomy did not affect the ability of the animals to adapt to meal-feeding. Insulin supplementation of the pancreatectomized rats restored G6PD and ME activities to those observed in the intact animals and normalized the blood glucose levels in the ad libitum-fed rats. Adrenalectomy decresed the survival of rats subjected to meal-feeding. Eighty percent of the rats died when meal-fed a high glucose diet. Survival was improved when either a 66.5% starch diet or a 40.5% fat diet was substituted for the 66.5% glucose diet. Adrenalectomized meal-fed animals fed 66.5% glucose had higher G6PD and ME activities and higher liver lipid levels than both the adrenalectomized ad libitum-fed and the sham-operated meal-fed rats. Glucocorticoid supplementation lowered G6PD activity in the adrenalectomized meal-fed rats but had no effect on ME activity or liver lipid. Meal-fed adrenalectomized rats had lower liver and serum cholesterol levels than meal-fed intact rats and ad libitum-fed adrenalectomized rats. These cholesterol levels were increased with glucocorticoid supplementation. It was concluded that adaptation to meal-feeding involves an adrenal response to the periodic absence of dietary energy intake, and that the degree of involvement of this response is determined by the composition of the diet.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Zinc inhibits protein phosphorylation in isolated sperm head membranes in Spisula solidissima.

Zinc, when added to the media in concentrations as low as one micromolar, decreased protein phosphorylation in the isolated sperm head membranes in Spisula solidissima, 70-75%. Other divalent cations barium, strontium, cobalt, and copper, in similar concentrations exerted no effect. Sodium fluoride, a phosphatase inhibitor, had no effect on the zinc induced inhibition on protein phosphorylation and, when zinc was added to the media after the phosphorylation reaction of proteins, the inhibitory effect of zinc was lost. The autoradiography of -32P labeled proteins on SDS gel confirmed the inhibitory effect of zinc on protein phosphorylation. The inhibitory role of zinc on protein phosphorylation in the sperm membranes suggests a physiological role of this cation on membrane activity in the process of fertilization.

Animals↗