Effects of the sulphonylurea drugs gliclazide and glibenclamide on blood glucose control and platelet function.
Platelet aggregation and adhesion are commonly increased in diabetes mellitus. These abnormalities may in part be responsible for the increased incidence of vascular disease in diabetics. We have investigated the effects of diet, diet plus glibenclamide, and diet plus gliclazide on plasma glucose control and platelet function in 10 newly diagnosed maturity-onset diabetics who had not previously been treated. Before treatment, the mean postprandial plasma glucose value was 13,4 +/- 0,8 mmol/l, which fell insignificantly on dietary treatment, to 12,2 +/- 1,0 mmol/l (P greater than 0,05). Both glibenclamide and gliclazide, when added to the diet, significantly lowered mean plasma glucose values to 9,3 +/- 0,8 mmol/l and 7,8 +/- 0,8 mmol/l respectively (P less than 0,05). Platelet aggregation in response to 1 mumol adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was increased in the diet period, whereas aggregation in response to 10 mumol and 100 mumol was normal. This suggests an increased sensitivity of the platelets to ADP in diabetic patients. The addition of both glibenclamide and gliclazide reduced the magnitude of the response to within the normal range. Platelet aggregation in response to 10 mumol adrenaline and 750 micrograms/ml collagen was significantly reduced by glibenclamide (P less than 0,05). We conclude that sulphonylurea therapy appears to reduce the increased platelet aggregation which occurs in diabetics. This may play a role in the prevention of vascular disease.