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Biomedical subjects

L Kofoed

Publications and source records attributed to L Kofoed.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

An overview of psychiatric treatment approaches to three offender groups.

The chances for successful management of three groups of mentally ill offenders--insanity acquittees, sexual offenders, and offenders with alcohol problems--can be maximized by using specific diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for each group. The recommended model for treatment of insanity acquittees is based on a single administrative organization to oversee treatment programs, which include clearly defined inpatient and outpatient components and careful monitoring of conditional release to the community. Techniques for the diagnosis of sexual offenders include bioimpedance and physiological measures of sex hormone levels and penile tumescence. Medication with antiandrogens and cognitive behavioral treatment using covert sensitization and operant aversion are among the appropriate therapeutic modalities. Treatment of persons charged with alcohol-related crimes should be matched to the severity of the alcohol problem. Legal intervention supplemented by brief treatment programs may be effective for offenders with lesser degrees of alcohol abuse. For offenders with more serious alcohol problems, longer group treatment or detoxification may be necessary. Treatment of alcoholic criminals may be most effective in peer groups in institutional settings, where legal coercion can be used to encourage compliance.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

Sociobiology of addiction in adolescence.

The authors review the application of evolutionary theory to the study of social, including parental and reproductive, behavior through a system of ideas known as sociobiology. Using this approach they suggest that evolutionary models predict the conflicts of adolescence. They develop a model explaining the genetic association of alcoholism and the tendency for antisocial behavior, and suggest why such behaviors most commonly begin in adolescence. Potential implications for the treatment of adolescent substance abusers are explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Alcoholism and antisocial personality. The sociobiology of an addiction.

Alcohol consumption may become adaptive from the evolutionary viewpoint when drinking settings and intoxication can be used to enhance the "cheating" reproductive strategy of antisocial personality disorder. This may explain the selective pressures leading to the association of familial alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1986

Outpatient treatment of patients with substance abuse and coexisting psychiatric disorders.

Thirty-two patients with coexisting substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders were treated in a unique outpatient pilot program that used techniques drawn from both psychiatric and substance abuse treatment. Eleven patients remained in treatment for 3 or more months, and seven completed a year or more of treatment. Severity of associated psychiatric illness did not affect retention in treatment. Drug-abusing patients and those with personality disorders dropped out quickly; patients with a history of reliable outpatient treatment involvement tended to remain in treatment. Treatment retention was associated with reduced hospital utilization. The authors suggest guidelines for management of patients with coexisting substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Decision-making, professional discipline, and program affiliation: selection of an inpatient treatment alternative.

Used a hypothetical case history to examine the clinical decision-making of a group of 75 mental health practitioners representing the disciplines of alcohol/drug counseling, nursing, psychiatry, psychology, and social work. The variables of professional discipline, program affiliation, work setting, and influential case history items were studied in relation to clinicians' selection of an inpatient treatment alternative. All clinicians, including para-professionals, performed similarly in that they followed an internally consistent process of reasoning in identifying influential case history items and using them in decision-making. Program affiliation and work setting had no biasing effect on decision-making, and only social workers showed a clear indication of a "set" related to their professional discipline. The implications of these findings for multi-disciplinary settings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sociobiology and antisocial personality. An alternative perspective.

The clinical characteristics of antisocial personality disorder are well defined, but poorly explained in developmental or etiological terms. After reviewing basic tenets of sociobiology, a theory of the etiology of antisocial personality is developed. Predictions that flow from this etiological theory are compared with published data for the disorder. These comparisons suggest that sociobiological theory provides a powerful and predictive etiological hypothesis for antisocial personality disorder. Social and clinical implications and avenues for future study of antisocial personality are suggested, as are potential relationships of this theoretical approach to other psychopathological conditions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Drug use by alcoholics in outpatient treatment.

Although increasing attention has been paid to the problems of combined and sequential alcohol and drug abuse, data about drug use by alcoholics during the course of outpatient treatment are not available. Urine testing for commonly abused drugs was obtained on 112 alcoholic outpatients during a 2-week period. Ten urine samples were positive for abuseable drugs. Patients' age, length of treatment involvement, and history of drug use prior to treatment appeared to affect drug use during treatment. At 4 month follow-up of the 10 patients with positive urine tests, five were drug free, three had discontinued but then returned to drug use, and two had been discharged. Given the limitations of such a cross-sectional study, the incidence of drug use by alcoholics during outpatient treatment seems high enough to warrant further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Geriatric sexual dysfunction: a case survey.

This study examines questionnaire data obtained from a group of older persons with sexual dysfunction mistakenly referred through a newspaper column. These 35 respondents (28 men, seven women) were characterized by age (43-82 years), symptomatic sexual problems, and a willingness to write about them. They were chiefly men had varying degrees of erectile failure and were negatively affected by the development of their problems. Two thirds had consulted a physician. The older subjects were more likely to be abstinent, to have total erectile failure (if men), to have known their physicians only a short time, and to describe their physicians as uninterested or pessimistic. Couples involving a medically ill wife couples married for a long time, and couples who defined sexuality in a nonaffective way were less affected by the development of sexual difficulties. A small group of older men had become impotent because of prolonged abstinence related to lengthy illness of their wives. These findings indicate that some physicians show an age-related bias in treating such patients; some contributory factors are outlined. The data may help clinicians in their counseling of such patients and in the identification of certain subgroups at risk. Directions are suggested for further systematic research.

Adult↗