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Biomedical subjects

L Kramer

Publications and source records attributed to L Kramer.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effect of small doses of aluminum-containing antacids on calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

The effect of small doses of four commercially available aluminum-containing antacids on calcium and phosphorus metabolism was investigated in adult males in 20 studies. During the use of these doses of antacids, urinary and fecal calcium increased significantly during a low calcium intake averaging 252 mg/day, and the calcium balances became distinctly more negative. There was a reversal of the normal pattern of phosphorus excretions, namely, the fecal phosphorus was high and the urinary phosphorus was low. During a normal calcium intake of 800 mg/day, these doses of antacids did not result in significant changes of the calcium excretions or balance. Despite the decrease in net intestinal absorption of calcium, the average 47Ca absorption remained unchanged, irrespective of the type and dose of antacid used. In three patients who received large therapeutic doses of antacids, 240 to 450 ml/day, the changes of calcium and phosphorus metabolism were intensified.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Disturbances in prosody. A right-hemisphere contribution to language.

In addition to grammar and semantics, prosody constitutes a third element of speech. Modulations of prosody can produce alterations in the meaning and affective tone of spoken language. Previous studies have suggested that right-hemisphere lesions may selectively disrupt a patient's ability to interpret and express the affective component of prosody. On the other hand, this study shows that the effect of right-hemisphere damage on prosody is more widespread. Thus, when discrimination, repetition, and spontaneous production of nonemotional prosody were tested in nine patients with right-sided brain injuries and ten control subjects without brain damage, the patients were found to be significantly worse than the control subjects in their ability to distinguish and express prosodic features that provide phonemic or emphatic information. These results suggest that right-hemisphere damage may affect prosody in a more general manner than was previously assumed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Zinc and mineral content of weight reducing diets.

The zinc content of four commonly used weight reduction diets and of three constant diets used for weight reduction in a Metabolic Research Unit was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The diets were also analyzed for other elements, namely, for nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron. The four commonly used weight reduction diets and two of the metabolic diets contained approximately 1000 cal, while one metabolic diet contained 600 cal. The zinc content of the diets correlated with the type but not with the amount of protein used because proteins of high biological value may have a low zinc content. There was no correlation between the zinc and calorie content of the diets. Although the protein content of two equicaloric diets was normal and similar, the zinc content differed by a factor of 2. Conversely, when the dietary protein was increased the dietary zinc content remained low, half of that of the RDA. Even when the diet contained only 600 cal the zinc intake was still approximately 75% of the RDA. The phosphorus and magnesium content correlated with the dietary protein. These studies have shown that the adequacy of the zinc and iron content of weight reduction diets depends on the type of protein used, however, there is no apparent correlation between the zinc and iron content of individual protein-containing foods.

Calcium, Dietary↗
PubMed1980

Effect of aluminum hydroxide on fluoride metabolism.

Aluminum inhibits intestinal absorption of fluoride in animals but little information is available about man. To determine whether and to what extent aluminum affects fluoride absorption in man, effects of aluminum hydroxide on fluoride metabolism were studied under controlled dietary conditions. Relatively small amounts of aluminum hydroxide were used (30 ml three times daily, containing a total of 1.8 gm aluminum, were given for several weeks). Fluoride balances were determined in control studies and during the intake of aluminum hydroxide. The fluoride intake was the fluoride content of the diet and the drinking water. Two studies were also carried out on a high-fluoride intake. The use of aluminum hydroxide was associated with an increase in fecal fluoride excretion and a decrease in net absorption of fluoride regardless of the intake fluoride, calcium, phosphorus, or magnesium. Urinary fluoride decreased during aluminum hydroxide ingestion. Our studies show that relatively small amounts of aluminum hydroxide inhibit intestinal absorption of fluoride in man.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Effect of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and aluminum on fluoride metabolism in man.

The studies of the interaction of fluoride with minerals in man have shown that: 1. in contrast to observations made in animals, the high intake of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in amounts that can be used in humans did not inhibit the intestinal absorption of fluoride in man; 2. the lack of effect of added calcium, given in divided doses, on the intestinal absorption of fluoride has relevance for the use of a high calcium intake during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis; 3. aluminum as the hydroxide, commonly used as an antacid in clinical medicine, significantly decreases the intestinal absorption of fluoride. This inhibitory effect, in conjunction with the known effects of aluminum-containing antacids in causing calcium loss as a consequence of phosphorus depletion, may contribute to the development of skeletal demineralization.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Fluoride metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure.

Studies of fluoride metabolism were carried out in patients with chronic renal failure by determining fluoride balances for several weeks. The fluoride intake was due to the analyzed fluoride content of the diet and of the drinking water. The effect of aluminum hydroxide on fluoride metabolism was investigated because this antacid is commonly used therapeutically for these patients. Studies have shown that urinary fluoride excretion in patients with chronic renal failure was significantly lower than that in patients with normal renal function, resulting in a signicantly higher retention of fluoride. Although the fecal fluoride excretion in patients with chronic renal failure was slightly but significantly increased, this change did not compensate for the decrease of the urinary fluoride excretion. The intake of aluminum hydroxide resulted in a significant increase of fecal fluoride excretion and in a significant decrease of net absorption and retention of fluoride in patients with chronic renal failure.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Metabolic balances of cadmium, copper, manganese, and zinc in man.

Balance studies of cadmium, copper, manganese, and zine were carried out under constant dietary conditions in eight adult males during two calcium intake levels of 200 and 800 mg/day and in an additional single case during a calcium intake of 1500 mg/day. The dietary content and the excretions of these elements in urine and stool were determined. The mean dietary content of cadmium was 32.9 micrograms/day, of copper 1020 micrograms/day, of manganese 2130 micrograms/day, and of zinc 12.4 mg/day. The ratio of the fecal/urinary cadmium excretion was approximately 1.5 and the main pathway of excretion of the other three elements was via the intestine, while the urinary excretions were very low. The different trace element balances were either slightly negative or in equilibrium, except that the zinc balances was positive in 50% of the cases. All balances should be considered maximal values, as the losses in sweat were not determined. The calcium intake level had little effect on the excretion and retention of these trace elements.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of a high protein (meat) intake on calcium metabolism in man.

The effect of a high protein (meat) intake of 2 g/kg on the calcium excretions and retention and on the intestinal calcium absorption was studied in man. In the control study the protein intake averaged 1 g/kg. The studies were carried out during a low calcium intake of 200 mg/day and a normal calcium intake of 800 mg/day. Two additional studies were carried out during a calcium intake of 1100 mg/day and one during a 2000 mg calcium intake. During the high protein-low calcium intake and during the 800 mg calcium intake the urinary calcium did not significantly increase. It increased moderately in two studies during the higher calcium intakes, however, these excretions decreased with time to control levels. The lack of a significant increase of the urinary calcium in the majority of the studies is probably due to the higher phosphorus content of the high protein intake. The calcium absorption, determined with 47Ca, the fecal calcium and calcium balances did not differ significantly during the high protein intake. In studies carried out during a low protein (meat) intake of 0.5 g/kg the urinary calcium changed little and the fecal calcium, the 47Ca absorption, and the calcium balance remained unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Magnesium-fluoride interrelationships in man II. Effect of magnesium on fluoride metabolism.

The effect of magnesium on the fluoride balance was investigated in man by determining metabolic balances of fluoride and magnesium in control studies and during magnesium supplementation. The magnesium intake averaged 264 mg/day in the control studies and 825 in the experimental studies. The studies were carried out during four calcium intakes that ranged from 200 to 2,200 mg/day and during phosphorus intakes ranging from 800 to 2,000 mg/day. The studies were carried out during a fluoride intake of about 4 mg/day that was due to the dietary fluoride content and the intake of water and during a high fluoride intake of 25 mg/day that was due to the addition of sodium fluoride. During the high magnesium intake, both the urinary and fecal magnesium excretions increased and the magnesium balances became more positive. These changes were not associated with any significant changes of either the urinary or fecal fluoride excretions or of the fluoride balances during the different intakes of calcium phosphorus, or fluoride.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Hematologic effects of xylazine when used for restraint of Bactrian camels.

Xylazine was found to be a safe and reliable drug for chemical restraint of Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus). Dosages of 0.27 to 0.51 mg/kg of body weight provided adequate sedation for the performance of various procedures (e.g., tuberculin testing, lymph node biopsy, and electroejaculation). Hematologic and serum biochemical values for camels restrained manually were compared with those for camels restrained with xylazine. Xylazine-treated camels had significantly lower values for RBC, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume, and significantly higher blood glucose concentrations. Venous blood gas analyses did not reveal any major acid-base disturbances resulting from the use of xylazine. Rapid arousal from the sedative effects of xylazine occurred after the intravenous administration of doxapram hydrochloride in dosages of 0.05 to 0.13 mg/kg of body weight.

Animals↗