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Biomedical subjects

L Krishna

Publications and source records attributed to L Krishna.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Unreamed interlocking nailing in open fractures of tibia.

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical outcome of unreamed intramedullary interlocking nailing in open fractures of tibia, and to evaluate the incidence of complications in these open fractures as a result of the unreamed intramedullary nailing. METHODS: Between June 1999 and May 2000, a total of 60 cases of open tibial shaft fractures were operated on with unreamed interlocking nails at Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India. Records of 56 patients (4 women and 52 men) were available for study. Only injuries associated with the tibial shaft were included. Traffic accidents were the cause of fractures in all patients. All fractures were classified according to Gustilo and Anderson system for open fractures. There were 30 (53.6%) type-I, 18 (32.1%) type-II, 4 (7.1%) type-IIIA, and 4 (7.1%) type-IIIB fractures. After thorough debridement under anaesthesia, an unreamed interlocking nail was inserted with assistance by an image intensifier. All nails were statically locked with one screw each proximally and distally. RESULTS: The patients were followed up for a mean period of 20 months (range, 18-24 months) and were evaluated according to the modified Ketenjian's criteria. Results were good to excellent in 85.8% cases, and poor in 10.7% cases. Only 2 of 8 patients with type-III fractures had good results. Two of 4 type-IIIA and all 4 type-IIIB fractures had chronic osteomyelitis. Of 56 patients, 6 had early infection, 6 had delayed union, 6 had infected non-union, 2 had nail breakage, 8 had screw breakage, and 10 had anterior knee pain. CONCLUSION: Unreamed interlocking tibial nailing can be safely used for type-I and type-II open injuries even with delayed presentation. Use of unreamed nailing in those type-III fractures with delayed presentation was not recommended, because of high incidence of complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the heart causing aortic regurgitation.

Inflammatory pseudotumor is a tumor-like reactive lesion of unknown etiology that rarely affects the heart. We describe an unusual case of a cardiac inflammatory pseudotumor that involved the aortic valve and caused regurgitation in a 62-year-old man. The lesion was excised and the aortic valve was replaced, resulting in a favorable outcome for the patient.

Aortic Valve Insufficiency↗
PubMed1996

Comparative evaluation of agar gel precipitation, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and passive haemagglutination tests for the diagnosis of Dicrocoelium dendriticum infection in sheep and goats.

The sensitivity and specificity of the agar gel precipitation test (AGPT), counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and passive haemagglutination test (PHT) were evaluated for the diagnosis of Dicrocoelium dendriticum infection in naturally infected sheep and goats. Two hundred and forty five sheep and goat sera samples were tested using phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2 extracted adult fluke antigen. CIEP detected 69.8% of the infected animals and was found to be the most sensitive, followed by PHT which detected 50.0% of the infected sheep and goats. AGPT was found to be the least sensitive, detecting only 23.8% of the infected animals. The specificity of

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1995

Calbindin-D28k in subsets of medulloblastomas and in the human medulloblastoma cell line D283 Med.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antigenic expression of calbindin-D28k in surgically resected cerebellar medulloblastomas and the human medulloblastoma cell line D283 Med in relation to glial neoplasms, the human glioblastoma (U-251 MG) and rat glioma (C-6) cell lines, and other primary and metastatic brain tumors. DESIGN: Immunohistochemical staining was performed using an antiserum and a monoclonal antibody against calbindin-D28k on (1) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human, predominantly posterior fossa, brain tumor specimens (49 medulloblastomas, 59 glial and mesenchymal primary central nervous system tumors, 1 posterior fossa rhabdoid tumor, and 34 metastatic tumors); (2) formalin-70% alcohol-, or Bouin's-fixed tumor cell lines (D283 Med, U-251 MG, and C-6) maintained in a three-dimensional gelatin foam (Gelfoam matrix) system, with or without treatment with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate; and (3) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded C-6 glioma cells transplanted intracerebrally to rats. RESULTS: Calbindin-D28k immunohistochemical staining was detected in 20 of 49 cerebellar medulloblastomas and in cells of the human medulloblastoma cell line D283 Med grown in gelatin Gelfoam matrices, with or without treatment with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. In surgical resection specimens, calbindin-D28k reactivity was evident in populations of poorly differentiated cells of classic (non-nodular) medulloblastomas (16/20) and in mature Purkinje neuronlike phenotypes in medulloblastomas with ganglion cells (4/6) but was absent in desmoplastic medulloblastomas, including in areas of neoplastic neuritogenesis ("pale islands") (0/23). Calbindin-D28k staining was also present in D283 Med explants for up to 29 days in vitro. Reactivity was more widespread in dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate-treated cultures, coinciding with neuronal morphologic alterations of cultured cells. Focal calbindin-D28k stainig was present in neural-like cells of an embryonal cerebellar tumor with divergent mesenchymal, epithelial, and neuroectodermal/neuroendocrine differentiation suggestive of a malignant rhabdoid tumor. No calbindin-D28k staining was obtained in primary glial and mesenchymal (intra- and extra-axial) brain tumors (0/59), in explants of human glioblastoma cell line U-251 MG, or in the rat glioma line C-6 maintained in Gelfoam matrices or transplanted intracerebrally. Among 34 epithelial and mesenchymal tumors metastatic to the posterior fossa, only subpopulations of cells in two small-cell (neuroendocrine) carcinomas originating in the lung were calbindin positive. CONCLUSION: Calbindin-D28k expression in classic medulloblastomas, medulloblastomas with ganglion cells, and in the human medulloblastoma cell line D283 Med (which was derived from a metastatic classic medulloblastoma) suggests a phenotypic kinship between subsets of this tumor and neuronal progeny of the ventricular neuroepithelium, thus conferring additional support for its neuroblastic nature.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Thallium imaging for brain tumors with results measured by a semiquantitative index and correlated with histopathology.

BACKGROUND: The optimal management of patients with brain tumors requires knowledge of the tumor characteristics upon presentation and the discovery of recurrence after therapy. Thallium-201 (Tl-201) chloride has shown varying uptake in tumors, depending on their viability and the type and degree of malignancy. This study explores the diagnostic potential of thallium imaging in patients with brain tumors. METHODS: Forty-three Tl-201 single photon emission computed tomographic scintigrams were performed on 40 patients with intracranial neoplasms, nearly equally divided between patients with no prior treatment and patients who had prior treatment and were suspected to have recurrent tumor and/or radiation necrosis. A thallium tumor index was calculated as the ratio of counts for a region of interest drawn in the lesion area and its mirror image in normal brain tissue. A two-tailed Student's t test was performed to compare the thallium index and histopathologic findings. RESULTS: A value of 1.5 for the thallium tumor index allowed for the best correlation between the prediction of malignancy and the histopathologic results. In the pretreatment group, a thallium tumor index greater than 1.5 correlated with high grade malignancy, and less than 1.5 correlated with either a well differentiated astrocytoma or benign cyst. In the posttreatment group, a thallium tumor index greater than 1.5 correlated with recurrent and/or residual malignant tumor. CONCLUSIONS: For those patients undergoing initial evaluation, the thallium study can help in the differential diagnosis of an intracranial mass lesion and offers confirmation of results of biopsy. For those patients who already have received treatment, the study can be used to detect recurrent or residual tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Indium-111-labeled anti-EGFr-425 scintigraphy in the detection of malignant gliomas.

BACKGROUND: The monoclonal antibody anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) antibody-425, against the epidermal growth factor receptor, has the potential to bind specifically to gliomas and not normal brain tissue. A prospective study was conducted (1986-1988) to evaluate the use of Indium-111 (111In)-labeled anti-EGFr-425 in the localization of gliomas before radioimmunotherapy with Iodine-125 (125I)-labeled anti-EGFr-425. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with intracranial neoplasms were injected intravenously with an average dose of 2.2 mCi 111In-labeled anti-EGFr-425. Planar and single-photon emission computed tomography scans were performed after 48 and 72 hours. Control studies also were performed in two cases with 111In-labeled Co 17-1A (an antibody to colorectal cancer) and in one case with unlabeled 111In chloride. RESULTS: The immunoscintigraphic findings were generally in good agreement with computerized tomographic findings. The definitive diagnosis was established by biopsy findings: 23 gliomas (1 Grade I, 5 Grade II, 6 Grade III, and 11 Grade IV), 1 meningioma, and 4 metastatic lesions. The localization of gliomas with 111In-labeled anti-EGF-425 had a sensitivity of 0.96, a specificity of 0.60 and an accuracy of 0.90. CONCLUSION: Immunoscintigraphy with 111-In labeled anti-EGFr-425 can be useful in the management of malignant gliomas, especially before radioimmunotherapy with 125I-labeled anti-EGFr-425.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The role of gallium-67-citrate in the detection of phenytoin-induced pneumonitis.

A patient with a history of cardiac transplant presented with a fever of undetermined etiology. The patient had been on multiple medications, including phenytoin, which can occasionally cause allergic or hypersensitivity pneumonitis. A chest x-ray and CT scan of the chest revealed no active disease. A 67Ga study was obtained after intravenous administration of 377.4 MBq (10.2 mCi) of 67Ga-citrate. The images showed diffuse intense lung uptake bilaterally. Bronchoscopic biopsy revealed hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Phenytoin was withdrawn and corticosteroid was started in therapeutic doses. A follow-up gallium study obtained 25 days after the baseline demonstrated marked improvement in the lungs with concurrent clinical recovery. This case illustrates the usefulness of 67Ga in the detection of drug-induced pneumonitis and in the follow-up of response to therapy.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1994

Novel immunohistochemical localization of 28,000 molecular-weight (Mr) calcium binding protein (calbindin-D28k) in enterochromaffin cells of the human appendix and neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids and small-cell carcinomas) of the midgut and foregut.

Calbindin-D28k is a highly conserved 28,000 (dalton) molecular-weight (Mr) calcium binding protein with broad tissue distribution, yet cell-type-specific expression predominantly in subpopulations of central and peripheral nervous system neurons, distal tubular cells of the kidney, and enteric neuroendocrine cells. A polyclonal antiserum against rat renal calbindin-D28k and a monoclonal antibody to calbindin-D28k purified from chicken intestine (clone CL-300) were used for immunohistochemical evaluation of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from multiple areas of the human small and large intestines and 93 primary neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract (foregut, midgut, and hindgut derivatives) and the lung (foregut derivative). Calbindin-D28k immunostaining was obtained in a minority of enterochromaffin (neuroendocrine) cells, predominantly of the appendix and small intestine, as well as in autonomic neurons of the neural plexuses. Focal cytoplasmic Golgi-type staining was obtained with monoclonal antibody CL-300 in the appendiceal surface epithelium and dendritic macrophages confined to the appendiceal lymphoid follicles. Epithelial progenitor cells in enteric crypts and absorptive, goblet, and Paneth cells were calbindin-D28k negative, while no immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the mucosae of the colon and rectum. Calbindin-D28k staining was consistently detected in subpopulations of neuroendocrine phenotypes in midgut (appendiceal/ileal) and foregut (bronchial) carcinoids and small-cell carcinomas, but was absent in adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, leiomyomas/leiomyosarcomas, schwannomas, and lymphomas. Our observations suggest that calbindin-D28k is a novel adjuvant neuroendocrine marker that is potentially useful in diagnostic tumor immunohistochemistry.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The role of iodine-131 and thallium-201 imaging and serum thyroglobulin in the management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the use of iodine-131 sodium scintigraphy, thallium-201 chloride scintigraphy, and quantitative serum thyroglobulin estimation in the detection of differentiated thyroid carcinoma after thyroidectomy and iodine-131 sodium ablative therapy. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with a median age of 45.6 years (range, 20-73 years) were included in the study. After optimal endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulation (> 50 mU/ml), 53 pairs of iodine-131 and thallium-201 scans were performed. Concomitant serum thyroglobulin levels were available for 32 pairs of scans. The presence or absence of thyroid cancer was established by clinical, radiologic, and/or biopsy findings. RESULTS: The concordance between iodine-131 and thallium-201 scan findings in the presence of disease (25 scan sets) was 36%. The concordance in the absence of disease (28 scan sets) was 82%. Iodine-131 scanning was found to be significantly better (P < 0.05) than thallium-201 scanning, in terms of sensitivity (0.8 versus 0.6), specificity (0.96 versus 0.82), accuracy (0.89 versus 0.72), and the predictive value of a positive test (0.95 versus 0.75). The measurement of serum thyroglobulin had a low sensitivity (0.3) in the study but had a specificity of 1.0. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that iodine-131 sodium scintigraphy is superior to thallium-201 scintigraphy and serum thyroglobulin estimation for the detection of residual or metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, the use of combined modalities provides a higher diagnostic yield. Thallium-201 scintigraphy was especially useful in cases in which iodine-131 scintigraphy was negative and quantitative thyroglobulin levels were elevated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Paradoxical changes in iodine-131 scintigraphic findings in advanced follicular thyroid cancer.

We present the findings on iodine-131 (131I) scintigraphy, thallium-201 (201Tl) scintigraphy and quantitative thyroglobulin (QTG) estimation in two patients with follicular carcinoma of the thyroid with extensive metastases. The lesions were initially seen on 131I scintigraphs, but were not subsequently visualized with scanning doses of 131I (5 mCi), while retaining their ability to produce increasing amounts of thyroglobulin and take up 201Tl. Implications in choosing the appropriate diagnostic tests in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Abnormal intracerebral thallium localization in a bacterial brain abscess.

A 56-yr-old man with a prior history of renal cell carcinoma had moderately intense abnormal localization of 201Tl-chloride in a solitary brain lesion which was discovered to be a bacterial abscess. The organisms isolated by culture included Actinomycosis odontolyticus, Peptostreptococcus and Hemophilus aphrophilus. Because of the clinical presentation, MRI characteristics and thallium scintigraphic findings, the lesion had been felt to represent either a primary or a metastatic neoplasm. This case illustrates the need for caution in the interpretation of thallium brain scintigram.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1991

The enzymatic profile of urine and plasma in bovine urinary bladder cancer (enzootic bovine haematuria).

The enzymatic profile of urine and plasma in field cases of bovine bladder cancer was studied. Urinary lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly altered along with the isoenzyme pattern. Activity of alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase was decreased in the affected animals. No significant changes were observed in acid phosphatase, or arylsulphatase A and B activity. In plasma, lactate dehydrogenase activity was elevated without any change in the isoenzyme pattern. No significant changes were observed in the other plasma enzymes studied or in the sialic acid concentration.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

An outbreak of aflatoxicosis in Angora rabbits.

An outbreak of aflatoxicosis in Angora rabbits involving a large number of rabbitries was investigated. Mortality was more in weaners than in adults. Affected animals showed anorexia, dullness and weight loss followed by jaundice in terminal stages. Death occurred within 3-4 d of the appearance of clinical signs. Livers were moderately to severely congested, icteric and were hard to cut. Gall bladders were distended and had inspissated bile. Liver sections showed degenerative changes of hepatic cells along with dilatation and engorgement of sinusoids. Bile ducts had mild to severe periportal fibrosis. Focal areas of pseudolobulation and regenerative foci were also predominant. The level of aflatoxin B1 in feed samples from various farms submitted at the time of the investigation varied from 90 to 540 ug aflatoxin B1/kg of feed. Withdrawal of feed and supplementary therapy resulted in gradual disappearance of signs and mortality.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1989

Erythrocyte glutathione and its metabolizing enzymes in bovine urinary bladder cancer.

Glutathione and its metabolizing enzymes were studied in erythrocytes of cattle suffering from urinary bladder cancer and associated hematuria. The concentration of glutathione (GSH) and GSH peroxidase activity were subnormal in the affected animals, whereas activities of GSH reductase and GSH S-transferase were not altered. Decreased GSH and GSH peroxidase are likely to make erythrocytes of the affected animals more susceptible to oxygen-induced injury and the radiomimetic effect of bracken fern.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Investigation of "mysterious" disease in livestock: hydrocyanic acid poisoning.

An investigation of "mysterious" disease due to hydrocyanic acid (HCN) poisoning in livestock in this state was carried out. Detailed clinicopathological and pathological studies were conducted. Characteristic signs of acute tympany followed with profuse frothing, convulsions and dyspnea were recorded. Cynosis of the mucosa with characteristic anoxemic tissue changes and a high concentration of HCN in rumen content, feed and skeletal muscles were recorded. These were sufficient to establish the diagnosis. Successful treatment with a specific antidote was achieved, and further morbidity and mortality was checked.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Erythrocyte membrane alterations in enzootic bovine hematuria.

Erythrocyte membrane enzymes and chemical constituents were studied in animals presenting enzootic bovine hematuria (EBH) and in normal animals. Mg2+-ATPase, Na+, K+, Mg2+-ATPase and ouabain insensitive Na+, K+, Mg2+-ATPase activity were decreased significantly in the affected animals. Cholesterol:phospholipid and sialic acid:phospholipid ratios also decreased in animals suffering from EBH. No significant changes were found in acetylcholinesterase, sialic acid, sulfhydryl groups and cholesterol in membranes of affected animals.

Animals↗